Sectionalism USH-2.3 and 2.4

I. The North Geographically, it had safe harbors and fast flowing rivers Settled by Puritans and other religious peoples Developed industry b/c of money made from shipping could be invested Attracted immigrants Germans Irish Worked in the factories

I. The North Reformers called for public education Helped immigrants to assimilate The construction of the Erie Canal helped connect the Northeast and the Northwest Agreed w/protective tariff (1828)b/c it protected their factories

II. South Geographically, lots of fertile land to grow cash crops South invested in slaves and agriculture Did not have immigrants b/c of slave labor Most owned NO slaves Did not provide public education It was illegal teach blacks, free or slave, to read

II. South Thought the National Bank gave too much power to the North Thought state banks would offer cheaper loans Opposed the tariff using nullification Supported cheap western land as they moved west with slaves Opposed internal improvements and Henry Clay’s American System

III. West Geographically, fertile land and mineral deposits Mostly agricultural, growing what crops were best suited North influenced by free states and South influenced by slave states Wanted internal improvements Roads, bridges, dams, etc.

III. West Thought the National Bank gave too much power to the North Thought state banks would offer cheaper loans Followed Henry Clay’s American System West votes for the tariff North supports internal improvements and cheap land South gets nothing

IV. African Americans AAs lived in every section of the country North free most after Declaration of Independence Prohibited by the Northwest Ordinance Not the same rights as whites Disenfranchised by same law that gave every white man suffrage Segregation was practiced

IV. African Americans In the South most were slaves Conditions depended on place and master Southern freedmen lived in cities as artisans Better job opportunities than northern blacks No civil or political rights

V. Abolition Abolitionist movement began w/Quakers Everyone, evens slaves, have an inner light Both white and black William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke sisters, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Harriet Beecher Stowe Different protests from newspapers, rallies, conventions, books, helping slaves escape

V. Abolition Others were more violent Nat Turner, John Brown Led slave owners to justify slavery as a positive good “Slaves are too dumb to care for themselves so we help them out.” Most Northerners were NOT abolitionists

VI. Women’s Rights Very active in the North Tied to the abolitionist movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 Called for women’s rights b/c they were not allowed to participate in an abolitionist convention

VI. Women’s Rights Many issues: Access to education Right to own property Right to obtain a divorce Was not successful before the Civil War