SPREAD OF ISLAM Ch. 10 Sec. 2

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR PROBLEM: Muhammad died in 632 and never named a successor Wanted to spread Islam to the rest of the world, but did not have a leader WHERE/WHEN: Arabian Peninsula in 632 See Map

Arabian Peninsula

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY PLAYERS: Rightly Guided Caliphs Used Qu’ran and Muhammad’s example as a guide to good leadership Spread Islam through diplomacy and military force Did not force conquered peoples to convert to Islam (religion tolerated), instead used restrictions and taxes *Because Jews and Christians believed in the same God as Muslims, they were permitted to live in self governing communities and had to pay a special tax

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY PLAYERS – Ummayads – Came to power after last two Rightly Guided Caliphs were assassinated Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus to make it easier to govern conquered territories Abandoned Muhammad’s example of a simple life and instead surrounded themselves with wealth

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY PLAYERS – Abbasids Overthrew Ummayads & murdered any remaining members of family Moved capital to Baghdad in Iraq because it was on a key trade route Controlled empire through a bureaucracy Taxed land, imports, exports, & non-Muslim wealth

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY EVENTS: Death of Muhammad Muhammad died in 632 but had not declared an heir Rightly Guided Caliphs Expanded Islamic Empire from Atlantic Ocean to Indus River (twice the size of United States)

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY EVENTS: Ummayads Moved capital to Damascus and lived a life of wealth and ceremony Led to split in Muslim Community

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY EVENTS – Split of Islam *Shiites – Caliph should be related to Muhammad (did not get along with Ummayads) *Sunni – Caliph should be a follower of Muhammad’s example Sufi – led life of poverty and devotion, believed Ummayads were too luxurious

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR KEY EVENTS – Abbasids Had trouble maintaining power over huge empire Remained united in religion, trade, and language

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR OUTCOMES – Islam spread from a small part of the Arabian peninsula when Muhammad died to controlling areas on Africa, Europe, and Asia Arabs spread Islam through: *Sufi missionaries *Conquest *Trade

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR OUTCOMES – Growth of Trade Able to trade on Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean *Linked to China, India, and Europe on the Silk Road *Muslim merchants only needed one language (Arabic) and one currency (Dinar) to trade from China to Europe *Muslims invented the sakk (check)

PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR MODERN IMPACT – Leadership of the Islamic party is still a divisive issue in the Middle East Sunni and Shittes Muslims still exist today and fight for control of Muslims across the world

Quick Review After Muhammad’s death, a dispute over who would be his successor lead to a division of what three groups? Since Jews and Christians worshipped the same God as Muslims, how did the caliphs treat them? After the Arabs united under Islam, what methods did they use to spread their religion?

Quick Review After Muhammad’s death, a dispute over who would be his successor lead to a division of what two groups? Sufi, Sunnis and Shiites Since Jews and Christians worshipped the same God as Muslims, how did the caliphs treat them? Permitted to live in self governing communities and had to pay a special tax After the Arabs united under Islam, what methods did they use to spread their religion? Sufi missionaries, conquest and trade

Ticket Out Answer the 2 questions that appear at the bottom of the map.