The Nervous System.

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Nervous System and Neurons
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Presentation transcript:

The Nervous System

Nervous System Network of connected cells, tissue, and organs Controls thoughts, movement, life processes Quick responses Ex: Sunny day  pupils shrinking

CNS and PNS

Neurons AKA: Nerve Cells Transfer electrical impulses to/from the brain 3 Main Parts Cell body: contains nucleus and organelles Dendrites: branches that receive messages from neighboring cells Axon: extension that carries messages away from the cell body

Resting Potential Defined: Neuron at rest Neuron Exterior: Positive charge Mainly Na+ outside the cell Neuron Interior: Negative charge (from various proteins) K+ inside the cell

Action Potential Defined: Electrical impulse is triggered Front end of impulse Channels open and allow Na+ to enter the cell Negative impulse attracted towards positive Na+ Back end of impulse Channels open to allow K+ to exit the cell Interior returns to normal Impulse pulled along by the changing of electrical charges

impulse

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ negative impulse K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

Synapse Defined: Gap between neurons Problem: Impulse cannot cross the gap Solution: Impulse converted into chemical molecules (neurotransmitters) Steps: Impulse reaches neuron’s end Vesicle releases neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters attach to neighboring neuron New impulse created

Impulse stimulates a vesicle, which contains neurotransmitters Vesicle exits the cell and dissolves impulse Start of another cell End of one cell

Neurotransmitters stimulate a new impulse cross the synapse and attach to receptors of a neighboring neuron impulse impulse Start of another cell End of one cell

Brain …. …. …. …. Feet

Motor neurons reach the muscles… and causes MOVEMENT!

Kobe Kuiz What is the function of the nervous system? List the 3 main parts and describe the purpose of the 3 main parts of a neuron. Describe the internal and external environment of a neuron in resting potential. What is a synapse and why is it a problem for neurons? What are the roles of the following during an action potential? NA+ K+ Neurotransmitters

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