Broadcasting/Media Television history

Pre-History ( ) A. James Maxwell, Heinrich Hertz, and Guglielmo Marconi conduct research which leads to the development of the television (electro magnetics). MaxwellHertzMarconi

Pre-History ( ) B Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin separately submit patents for an electronic television system. Although Farnsworth actually created the first electronic television (Father of Television), Zworykin gets the patent for it.

FarnsworthZworkyin Iconoscope Video Camera Tube

Early History ( ) A The first television transmission taken from john bairds televisor a dummy named stooky bill. B RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse establish NBC, which operates two national radio networks. A The first television transmission taken from john bairds televisor a dummy named stooky bill. B RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse establish NBC, which operates two national radio networks.

Early History ( ) C Philo Farnsworth transmits the first all- electronic television image D.1928 (April) - The FRC (later the FCC) grants the first license for visual broadcasting to station W2XBS in New York City. Programming consists of news (talking heads) and variety (skits and musical numbers). C Philo Farnsworth transmits the first all- electronic television image D.1928 (April) - The FRC (later the FCC) grants the first license for visual broadcasting to station W2XBS in New York City. Programming consists of news (talking heads) and variety (skits and musical numbers).

Early History ( ) E.In 1928, John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States. F.GE introduces a television set with a 3" × 4" screen. The first television is sold a Daven for $75. G.By 1937, 17 television stations are in partial operation. H.TV receives its greatest publicity from an elaborate demonstration at the 1939 new york worlds fair. However, many still think tv is a fad and will never be as popular as the radio. E.In 1928, John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States. F.GE introduces a television set with a 3" × 4" screen. The first television is sold a Daven for $75. G.By 1937, 17 television stations are in partial operation. H.TV receives its greatest publicity from an elaborate demonstration at the 1939 new york worlds fair. However, many still think tv is a fad and will never be as popular as the radio.

Early History ( ) I the first color broadcast in the United States. (CBS) J.July 1, WNBT, an affiliate of NBC, runs the first commercial (of a watch face ticking for the Bulova Watch Co.). K.July there are 20 stations functioning serving 10,000 homes. I the first color broadcast in the United States. (CBS) J.July 1, WNBT, an affiliate of NBC, runs the first commercial (of a watch face ticking for the Bulova Watch Co.). K.July there are 20 stations functioning serving 10,000 homes.

Early History ( ) L WWII severely hinders the growth of the television industry as manufacturing plants are used for the war effort. M NBC is forced to divest (relinquish) itself of one of its radio outlets by a federal court decision which creates a new network, ABC (NBC BLUE). N.1946 – First color TV system demonstrated by CBS. L WWII severely hinders the growth of the television industry as manufacturing plants are used for the war effort. M NBC is forced to divest (relinquish) itself of one of its radio outlets by a federal court decision which creates a new network, ABC (NBC BLUE). N.1946 – First color TV system demonstrated by CBS.

Early History ( ) O The DuMont network goes on the air. Paramount Pictures backs the start-up enterprise, but its lack of affiliated radio networks leads to its early demise in P The FCC sets aside channels 2 to 13 in the VHF frequency band. Q Coverage of baseballs World Series (using multiple camera angles) demonstrates power of television. R Over one million tv sets are now in use. O The DuMont network goes on the air. Paramount Pictures backs the start-up enterprise, but its lack of affiliated radio networks leads to its early demise in P The FCC sets aside channels 2 to 13 in the VHF frequency band. Q Coverage of baseballs World Series (using multiple camera angles) demonstrates power of television. R Over one million tv sets are now in use.

Early History ( ) S.Early Programming Content: A.Uncle Jims Question Bee (1936) B.Lowell Thomas Sunoco News (1940) C.Truth or Consequences (1941) D.Meet the Press (1947) E.Howdy Doody (1947) F.Toast of the Town (1948) G.Texaco Star Theater (1948) H.Your Show of Shows (1950) T. Coaxial cable links the east and West Coasts S.Early Programming Content: A.Uncle Jims Question Bee (1936) B.Lowell Thomas Sunoco News (1940) C.Truth or Consequences (1941) D.Meet the Press (1947) E.Howdy Doody (1947) F.Toast of the Town (1948) G.Texaco Star Theater (1948) H.Your Show of Shows (1950) T. Coaxial cable links the east and West Coasts

III. Formation of the American Television System ( )

A. The FCC places a freeze on tv license allocation ( ). The Issues: 1. Interference problems 2. Need for development of color television 3. the reservation of channel space for educational, noncommercial television 4. the establishment of a national channel allocation map or scheme 5. the opening up of additional spectrum space (VHF; UHF) 108 of 109 stations endure freeze successfully. Number of tv homes grows from 1.5 million to 15 million. A. The FCC places a freeze on tv license allocation ( ). The Issues: 1. Interference problems 2. Need for development of color television 3. the reservation of channel space for educational, noncommercial television 4. the establishment of a national channel allocation map or scheme 5. the opening up of additional spectrum space (VHF; UHF) 108 of 109 stations endure freeze successfully. Number of tv homes grows from 1.5 million to 15 million.

B. Networks 1. Three networks evolve: Nbc, Cbs, Abc (The big three). A The Dumont network folds and Paramount merges with Abc (NBC Blue) to form third major network (Abc). 2. These three survive because: A. Sound sponsorship/parent company B. Ownership of local stations by networks in key demographic areas (Tops Markets) C. A strong radio support network D. Quality programming B. Networks 1. Three networks evolve: Nbc, Cbs, Abc (The big three). A The Dumont network folds and Paramount merges with Abc (NBC Blue) to form third major network (Abc). 2. These three survive because: A. Sound sponsorship/parent company B. Ownership of local stations by networks in key demographic areas (Tops Markets) C. A strong radio support network D. Quality programming

C. The Live Factor and Coverage of Presidential Elections 2. Telecasts of Live Sporting Events 3. Telecast of the McCarthy Senate Hearings 4. Live variety shows and dramas bring big screen stars into peoples homes C. The Live Factor and Coverage of Presidential Elections 2. Telecasts of Live Sporting Events 3. Telecast of the McCarthy Senate Hearings 4. Live variety shows and dramas bring big screen stars into peoples homes

D. The beginning of the use of film on television. E. The Freeze ends in 1952, and popularity of television explodes. D. The beginning of the use of film on television. E. The Freeze ends in 1952, and popularity of television explodes.

IV. The Golden Age of Television ( )

A. Statistics million TV homes million TV homes million TV homes million TV homes Color TV sets sell for $1000 each 1954/55 - The first color broadcast season (12-15 hrs./week) 1957 – First Wireless Remote Control By 1960, 439 stations are on the air million TV homes million TV homes million TV homes million TV homes Color TV sets sell for $1000 each 1954/55 - The first color broadcast season (12-15 hrs./week) 1957 – First Wireless Remote Control By 1960, 439 stations are on the air

B.Programming (The popular genres) 1. Westerns A. Gunsmoke (The television version ran from 1955 to 1975 and is the longest-running prime time drama series) B. Pondersosa aka Bonanza C. Rawhide 1. Westerns A. Gunsmoke (The television version ran from 1955 to 1975 and is the longest-running prime time drama series) B. Pondersosa aka Bonanza C. Rawhide

B.Programming (The popular genres) 2. Anthology Dramas A. The Loretta Young Show B. The Millionaire C. The Twilight Zone 2. Anthology Dramas A. The Loretta Young Show B. The Millionaire C. The Twilight Zone Loretta Young >>

B.Programming (The popular genres) 3. Comedy/Variety A. Red Skeleton B. Jack Benny Program C. Ed Sullivan Show D. Jackie Gleason, then The Honeymooners 3. Comedy/Variety A. Red Skeleton B. Jack Benny Program C. Ed Sullivan Show D. Jackie Gleason, then The Honeymooners

B.Programming (The popular genres) 4. Game Show A. The $64,000 Question (First Game Show) 5. Stage Quality Drama on Television A. Playhouse 90 B. Studio One C. Armstrong Circle Theater 4. Game Show A. The $64,000 Question (First Game Show) 5. Stage Quality Drama on Television A. Playhouse 90 B. Studio One C. Armstrong Circle Theater

V. MAJOR CHANGES

A. BY 1960, MOST PROGRAMS ARE FILMED OR TAPED (NOT LIVE). B CONGRESS PASSES LEGISLATION THAT ALL TV SETS BE EQUIPPED WITH UHF TUNER (FOR CHANNELS 14-83), WHICH CREATES INDEPENDENT CHANNEL BOOM IN THE 1960S. C. BY 1964, THE MAJORITY OF TV PROGRAMS ARE PRODUCED IN COLOR. A. BY 1960, MOST PROGRAMS ARE FILMED OR TAPED (NOT LIVE). B CONGRESS PASSES LEGISLATION THAT ALL TV SETS BE EQUIPPED WITH UHF TUNER (FOR CHANNELS 14-83), WHICH CREATES INDEPENDENT CHANNEL BOOM IN THE 1960S. C. BY 1964, THE MAJORITY OF TV PROGRAMS ARE PRODUCED IN COLOR.

D The first television trans-atlantic (satellite) transmission is the American Flag.

E. THE DEMAND GROWS FOR COMMUNITY ANTENNAS (CATV) IN NON-COVERED AREAS, THE PREDECESSOR TO CABLE TV. F. THE FIRST TV PICTURE IS TRANSMITTED FROM A COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE. 1. IN 1964, THE TOKYO OLYMPICS ARE BROADCAST LIVE GLOBALLY VIA SATELLITE. E. THE DEMAND GROWS FOR COMMUNITY ANTENNAS (CATV) IN NON-COVERED AREAS, THE PREDECESSOR TO CABLE TV. F. THE FIRST TV PICTURE IS TRANSMITTED FROM A COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE. 1. IN 1964, THE TOKYO OLYMPICS ARE BROADCAST LIVE GLOBALLY VIA SATELLITE.

VI. Progress and Criticism

A. The 1960 Kennedy-Nixon Debates led to the following: 1. Campaign Coverage 2. Weekly JFK press conferences 3. Coverage of death of JFK 4. Nightly news as a staple in American homes A. The 1960 Kennedy-Nixon Debates led to the following: 1. Campaign Coverage 2. Weekly JFK press conferences 3. Coverage of death of JFK 4. Nightly news as a staple in American homes

B FCC Chairman Newton Minow calls TV a vast wasteland. C. The 1960s assassinations led to the reduction/elimination of tv violence (this lasted until the early 1970s). D The FCC institutes Primetime restrictions. 1. Motivated by the exposed belly- button in I dream of jeanie. 2. Restrictions on language, nudity and violence. B FCC Chairman Newton Minow calls TV a vast wasteland. C. The 1960s assassinations led to the reduction/elimination of tv violence (this lasted until the early 1970s). D The FCC institutes Primetime restrictions. 1. Motivated by the exposed belly- button in I dream of jeanie. 2. Restrictions on language, nudity and violence.

E Cigarette commercials are banned on television. F. Early 1970s - Alcohol restrictions do not allow commercials to show beer being consumed. G Family Hour is instituted. E Cigarette commercials are banned on television. F. Early 1970s - Alcohol restrictions do not allow commercials to show beer being consumed. G Family Hour is instituted.

VII. The Modern Era

A. Picture tubes (TVs) vary in size. B. Late 1970s - Remote Controls are established. 1. Changes viewing habits - zapping. C. 1980s - Cable television takes place of antennas. D The V-Chip proposal is supported by President Clinton. 1. Gives parents control over what their children watch. A. Picture tubes (TVs) vary in size. B. Late 1970s - Remote Controls are established. 1. Changes viewing habits - zapping. C. 1980s - Cable television takes place of antennas. D The V-Chip proposal is supported by President Clinton. 1. Gives parents control over what their children watch.

E Television ratings system takes effect. 1. TV Y - all children - the themes and elements of this program are specifically designed for a very young audience, including children ages TV Y7 - Older Children - The themes and elements in this program may include mild physical or comedic violence or may frighten children under the age of 7 who may not have acquired the skills needed to distinguish between make-believe and reality. E Television ratings system takes effect. 1. TV Y - all children - the themes and elements of this program are specifically designed for a very young audience, including children ages TV Y7 - Older Children - The themes and elements in this program may include mild physical or comedic violence or may frighten children under the age of 7 who may not have acquired the skills needed to distinguish between make-believe and reality.

3. TV G - General Audience - This rating does not signify a program designed specifically for children, but it contains little or no violence, no strong language and little or no sexual dialogue or situations. 4. TV PG - Parental Guidance Suggested - This program may contain infrequent coarse language, limited violence and some suggestive sexual dialogue and situations. 3. TV G - General Audience - This rating does not signify a program designed specifically for children, but it contains little or no violence, no strong language and little or no sexual dialogue or situations. 4. TV PG - Parental Guidance Suggested - This program may contain infrequent coarse language, limited violence and some suggestive sexual dialogue and situations.

5. TV 14 - Parents Strongly Cautioned - This program may contain sophisticated themes, sexual content, strong language and more intense violence. 6. TV MA - Mature Audience Only - This program is specifically designed to be viewed by adults and therefore may be unsuitable for children under 17. This program may contain mature themes, profane language, graphic violence and explicit sexual content. 5. TV 14 - Parents Strongly Cautioned - This program may contain sophisticated themes, sexual content, strong language and more intense violence. 6. TV MA - Mature Audience Only - This program is specifically designed to be viewed by adults and therefore may be unsuitable for children under 17. This program may contain mature themes, profane language, graphic violence and explicit sexual content.

F. The New Networks 1. Fox ( Married w/ Children, Tracey Ullman Show, 21 Jump Street, The Simpsons (1989) 2. CW (Merge between WB and UPN) 3. WB ( Now an online network) 4. UPN ( Star Trek Voyager) F. The New Networks 1. Fox ( Married w/ Children, Tracey Ullman Show, 21 Jump Street, The Simpsons (1989) 2. CW (Merge between WB and UPN) 3. WB ( Now an online network) 4. UPN ( Star Trek Voyager)

G. The cable special interest explosion 1. Sports - espn, espn2, comcast (local) 2. News - cnn, msnbc, cnbc 3. Lifestyle - food, hgtv, qvc 4. Variety - mtv, vh1, amc, tcm, nickelodeon, cartoon network, disney channel, comedy central, e!, sci-fi, lifetime, history, discovery, the weather channel G. The cable special interest explosion 1. Sports - espn, espn2, comcast (local) 2. News - cnn, msnbc, cnbc 3. Lifestyle - food, hgtv, qvc 4. Variety - mtv, vh1, amc, tcm, nickelodeon, cartoon network, disney channel, comedy central, e!, sci-fi, lifetime, history, discovery, the weather channel

G. The cable special interest explosion 5. Movies - tnt, usa, tbs, family channel 6. Premium - hbo, showtime, starz, cinemax 7. On-demand/pay-per-view - live events, pre-cable movies G. The cable special interest explosion 5. Movies - tnt, usa, tbs, family channel 6. Premium - hbo, showtime, starz, cinemax 7. On-demand/pay-per-view - live events, pre-cable movies