Volume 85, Issue 4, Pages 898-908 (April 2014) Comparison of fluid volume estimates in chronic hemodialysis patients by bioimpedance, direct isotopic, and dilution methods  Jochen G. Raimann, Fansan Zhu, Jack Wang, Stephan Thijssen, Martin K. Kuhlmann, Peter Kotanko, Nathan W. Levin, George A. Kaysen  Kidney International  Volume 85, Issue 4, Pages 898-908 (April 2014) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.358 Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Linear regression plot: total-body water (TBW) (single-frequency (SF) and multi-frequency (MF) and (bromide (Br)+total-body potassium (TBK)) vs. deuterium oxide (D2O)). Linear regression of TBW as estimated by a direct ‘gold-standard approach’ with D2O dilution (TBW D2O) versus TBW as assessed by whole-body MF and SF bioimpedance analysis, and an indirect ‘gold-standard approach’ using the sum of intracellular fluid volume (as assessed per TBK (ICF TBK)) and extracellular fluid volume ((as per bromide dilution (ECF Br)). Solid symbols (▴, ●, and ▪, respectively) indicate those excluded from the sensitivity analysis. Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Bland–Altman plot (N=49). Bland–Altman plot showing the difference between total-body water (TBW) as estimated by a direct ‘gold-standard approach’ with deuterium dioxide dilution (TBW D2O) and TBW as assessed by whole-body (a) single-frequency and (b) multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis, and (c) an indirect ‘gold-standard approach’ using the sum of intracellular fluid volume (as assessed per total-body potassium (ICF TBK)) and extracellular fluid volume ((as per bromide dilution (ECF Br)). (a) TBW (D2O vs. SF-BIA); (b) TBW (D2O vs. MF-BIS); (c) TBW (D2O vs. (Br+TBK)). Mean±2 s.d. is indicated; men are denoted by filled (▴, ●, and ▪, respectively) and women by unfilled symbols (Δ, ○ and □, respectively). Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Linear regression plot: intracellular fluid (ICF) (single-frequency (SF) and multi-frequency (MF) and (deuterium dioxide (D2O)-bromide (Br)) vs. total-body potassium (TBK)) (N=49). Linear regression of ICF volume as estimated by a direct ‘gold-standard approach’ with TBK (ICF TBK) vs. ICF as assessed by whole-body MF and SF bioimpedance analysis and an indirect ‘gold-standard approach’ using the difference between total-body fluid volume (assessed with D2O dilution (TBW D2O)) and extracellular fluid volume (as per bromide dilution (ECF Br)). Solid symbols (▴, ●, and ▪, respectively) indicate those excluded for the sensitivity analysis. Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Bland–Altman plot (N=49). Bland–Altman plot showing the difference between intracellular fluid as estimated by a direct ‘gold-standard approach’ with total-body potassium (ICF TBK) and ICF as assessed by whole-body (a) single-frequency and (b) multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis, and (c) an indirect ‘gold-standard approach’ using the difference between total-body fluid volume (assessed with deuterium dioxide dilution (TBW D2O)) and extracellular fluid volume (as per bromide dilution (ECF Br)). (a) ICF (TBK vs. SF-BIA); (b) ICF (TBK vs. MF-BIS); (c) ICF (TBK vs. (D2O-Br)). Mean±2s.d. is indicated; men are indicated by filled (▴, ●, and ▪, respectively) and women by unfilled symbols (Δ, ○, and □, respectively). Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Linear regression plot: extracellular fluid (ECF) (single-frequency (SF) and multi-frequency (MF) (deuterium dioxide (D2O)-total-body potassium (TBK)) vs. bromide (Br)) (N=49). Linear regression of ECF as estimated by a direct ‘gold-standard approach’ with Br dilution (ECF Br) vs. ECF as assessed by whole-body MF and SF bioimpedance analysis, and an indirect ‘gold-standard approach’ using the difference between total-body fluid volume (assessed with deuterium dioxide dilution (TBW D2O)) and intracellular fluid volume (as measured using total-body potassium (ICF TBK)). Solid symbols (▴, ●, and ▪, respectively) indicate those excluded from the sensitivity analysis. Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Bland–Altman plot (N=49). Bland–Altman plot showing the difference between of intracellular fluid volume as estimated by a direct ‘gold-standard approach’ with bromide dilution (ECF Br) and ECF as assessed by whole-body (a) single-frequency and (b) multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis, and (c) an indirect ‘gold-standard approach’ using the difference between total-body fluid (assessed with deuterium dioxide dilution (TBW D2O)) and intracellular fluid volume (as per total-body potassium (ICF TBK)). (a) ECF (Br vs. SF-BIA); (b) ECF (Br vs. MF-BIS); (c) ECF (Br vs. (D2O-BK)). Mean±2s.d. is indicated; men are indicated by filled (▴, ●, and ▪, respectively) and women by unfilled symbols (Δ, ○, and □, respectively). Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Bland–Altman plot: extracellular fluid (ECF) (bromide (Br) vs. (deuterium dioxide (D2O)-total-body potassium (TBK)) (N=49). Modified Bland–Altman plot (only using the indirect estimation method on the x-axis) showing the comparison between ECF volume (ECF) as per Br dilution (ECF Br) and ECF as per the indirect estimation method (ECF=TBW D2O-ICF TBK). Mean±2s.d. is indicated. Kidney International 2014 85, 898-908DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.358) Copyright © 2014 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions