Research

Plagiarism Plagiarism: the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work, as by not crediting the author.

Plagiarism To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit to the author of the words or ideas that you are using. You must do this through a citation.

Plagiarism Citation: The act of citing a reference to an authority precedent. What should you cite?

Plagiarism You should cite any time that you Use a direct quotation. Summarize an author’s work Paraphrase an author’s work

Plagiarism Direct Quotation: Writing word for word what an author has written. In all cases (with one exception), you’ll use “…” Summary: States the main idea(s) of the author in your own words. However, you’ll use only a few words to do this. Paraphrase: Restates what the author writes in your own words. You’ll use about the same number of words that the author did.

Plagiarism There are a variety of systems that you can use to cite sources. -Footnotes, endnotes, APA, Houghton and Houghton, MLA, and others. Look to your teacher or college professor for his/her preference.

MLA Citations MLA = Modern Language Association. MLA style is a publishing style. It dictates how a paper should look for publishing. Besides source citing, MLA style deals with margins, fonts, tables of contents, inclusion of charts and graphs and other stylistic points.

MLA Citations To cite a source under MLA guidelines, you need two thing, a works cited page and parenthetical citations. These work together as a system.

MLA Citations Works Cited Page: A list of all of the “works” (sources) that you “cited” (used information from) in your paper. A works cited page is different than a bibliography. A bibliography is a list of all the sources that you’ve consulted in order to write the paper. A works cited page lists only sources that you’ve used information from in the text of the paper.

MLA Citations Information that you need to take down in order to successfully complete a works cited page. Printed Source: Title of work, Title of article, Author(s), Editors, Publisher, Place of publication, Date of Publication. Electronic Source: Author, Title of web page, Title of website, Publisher/sponsor of website, date of publication/update, date of access, URL.

MLA Citations Individual Citations: Different types of sources require different citation formatting. The formatting requirements change over time. Be sure you’re looking at the most up to date requirements.

MLA Citations Print sources: Basic format for a book: Author (last name, first name). Title (in italics). Place of publication: Name of publisher, date of publication. Tompkins, Jane. West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.

MLA Citations Electronic Sources: Basic format for web page: Editor, author, or compiler name. Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. <URL> (optional: teacher discretion) *If you can’t find the date of resource creation, put N.D. in its place. If you can’t find the publisher or sponsor, put N.P. in its place

MLA Citations Walsh, Tom. “Michigan aims to take Pure Michigan campaign global.” Detroit Free Press. 25 Mar. 2012. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.freep.com/article/20120325/COL06/120325018/Tom-Walsh-Michigan-aims-to-take-Pure-Michigan-campaign-global->

MLA Citations Additional Resources: www.easybib.com http://owl.english.purdue.edu

MLA Citations Format of Works Cited Page: Once you’ve written out each individual citation, you must compile them on a works cited page. The works cited list will come at the end of a research paper.

MLA Citations Works Cited (notice that the title of the works cited page is centered, 12 font, not bolded, not underlined, not italicized) Place each citation on the page alphabetically by the authors last name. If no author exists, alphabetize by the 1st word (not a, an, the) of the citation. The first line of each citation is at the left margin. Additional lines of each citation are indented one tab. The works cited page is double spaced and there are no additional lines between entries. The citations are not numbered, nor are they bulleted. Remove all Hyperlinks. No blue type. If you are listing two or more works by the same author, use the author’s name for the first entry only. Replace the author’s name in the other entries with - - - (three dashes). Alphabetize by the first main word.

MLA Citations Works Cited Rico, Barbara. American Mosaic. Boston: Houghton, 1991. The Times Atlas of the World. New York: Times, 1992. Tompkins, Jane. West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.

MLA Citations The other half of the MLA citation system is the parenthetical citation. Parenthetical Citations are in-text citations that are in ( ). These direct the reader to the works cited page. What goes in the parentheses should be concise as possible but complete enough to allow the reader to identify the source on the works cited page.

MLA Citations Author not named in a signal phrase: You should include the author’s last name and the page number without any punctuation between the two. …………………………….. (Franklin 345).

MLA Citations Ordinary Practices: -If you introduce the author in a signal phrase You only need to place the page number in the (). According to Franklin, …… (345). -notice the terminal punctuation is after the parenthetical citation.

MLA Citations If you are citing two or more works by the same author, you must differentiate the work in the parenthetical citation. If you are citing a source with an unknown author, list enough of the beginning of the citation to distinguish.

Putting it all together According to Tompkins, “………………”(90). What this means is that ………………….. . However, some believe that ………………… ………………………………… (Rico 78). It is possible that …………………… . Additionally, …………………… (612). On the other hand ………………………. (Times 34).