Brain Teaser Eskimos are very good hunters, but why they don't hunt the penguins?

You are in a cabin and it is pitch black. You have one match on you. Which do you light first, the newspaper, the lamp, the candle or the fireplace? Brain Teaser

There was an old man who lived by himself. He felt tired so he went into the bathroom, went to the toilet and then turned the light off before going to bed. The next morning there was a news flash on the radio that a boat crashed. The man opened the window and jumped out. Why? Brain Teaser

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHY

– Phenomenology: on consciousness – Existentialism: on freedom – Postmodernism: on cultures – Analytic tradition – Logic and critical thinking: tools In reasoning – Fallacies

A fallacy is a defect in an argument other than is having false premise

Appeal to pity (Argumentum ad misericordiam --- appeal to emotion which someone tries to win support by exploiting opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt---

False Cause (Post Hoc) ---Presumption that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other---

Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad ignorantiam ) ---a presenter asserts a claim that must be true because no one has proven it false; or that a claim must be false because no one has proven it true---

Equivocation or Ambiquity ---when a key word is used with two or more distinct senses ---

Composition --- Infer that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some parts of the whole--- Part: true Whole: true

Division --- one reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts--- whole: true part: true

Appeal to force (argumentum ad baculum) ---threatening harm to a reader or listener if he or she does not accept the speaker’s conclusion---

Against the person (Argumentum ad hominem) – Attacking your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine an argument---

Appeal to people (argumentum ad populum) --- appeals o exploits people’s vanities, desire for esteem and anchoring on popularity---

Hasty generalization ---a statement that asserts that all or most things of a certain kind have a certain quality or characteristic occurs when a presenter draws a general conclusion from a sample that is too small or biased---

Begging the question (petition principii) ---committed when a presenter states or assumes as a premise the conclusion he or she is trying to prove---