Planning and Designing a Hospital Parnab Roy MHM(1st year) SMU

Hospital must meet two basic fundamental needs- Must meet the needs of the patient it is going to serve adequately. It must be in a size and proportions which the owners or promoters will be able to build and operate.

Basic objectives which are to be met by the hospital- Sound architectural plan Economic viability Effective community orientation Quality patient care

Principles of hospital planning- Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances in order to help speedy recovery Separation of dissimilar activities Control – the nurses station should be positioned strategically to enable proper monitoring of visitors entering and leaving the ward, infants and children should be protected from theft and infection etc. Circulation- all the departments of a hospital must be properly integrated. (“separate all departments, yet keep them all together; separate types of traffic, yet save steps for everybody; that is all there is to hospital planning “– Emerson Goble)

Selection of site- Needs of the community Ease of accessibility Range of services offered Availability of specialists Availability of technology Study of existing hospital(if any) Requirements of staff and services

Type of hospital- Primary Secondary Tertiary Private Partnership Public charitable trust Cooperative society

Bed planning- Bed: Population=A S 100 365 PO A= number of inpatient admissions/1000 population/year S= average length of stay PO= percentage occupancy

Planning of finances- Funds required for constructing, furnishing and equipping the hospital. Operating funds- salaries, loans and interest, other maintenance expenses. Arranging financial assistance-patient fees, bed charges, and other modes of revenue generation process.

Equipment planning- Built in equipment These include counters and cabinets in laboratory, Pharmacy and other parts of the hospital,elevators,incinerators,coolers,fixed sterilizing equipment etc.These are usually included in the construction contract and the planning of these equipments is the architect's responsibility. Depreciable equipment This includes equipment that has a life of five years or more and is not purchased through construction contracts. These are large pieces of furniture which have a relatively fixed location and are capable of being moved e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic equipment, laboratory instruments, office furniture etc.

Non depreciable equipment These are small items with a low unit cost and life span of less than five years. These are generally under the control of the store room and are bought through other than construction contracts. They include kitchen utencils,surgical instruments,linen,waste baskets etc.

Operation programme- Admission Human resource Administration Stores General engineering Purchasing Laundry Maintenance Clinical services Waste disposal plant Pharmacy Fire and safety Nursing services Disaster plan House keeping information Records Dietary services Public relations Clinical engineering Employee facilities Sanitation

Planning of departments- In patient department- Patient room- These may be private/semi private rooms or multibed general wards. They should be designed to be safe and aesthetically pleasing so as to assist in quick recovery of patient. They must contain space for equipments, staffs and various need of the patient. Nurses control station- should be located and designed in such a way that the nurses can observe the patient room. The work area- related to handling materials necessary for patient care, maintaining communication and records etc.

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