Dose-dependent neuroprotection of delta-opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by regional perfusion into.

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Dose-dependent neuroprotection of delta-opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by regional perfusion into the abdominal aorta in rabbits Haitong Liu, Binbin Chen, MD, Shitong Li, MD, Junyan Yao, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 1074-1081 (April 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.074 Copyright © 2016 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Neurologic scores are shown at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. In the normal saline (NS) group and in the delta-opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE; D) groups D0.0005, D0.005, D0.05, and D0.5 mg/kg (each n = 8), the animals received spinal cord ischemia for 30 minutes with NS or DADLE infused through the abdominal aorta during the entire period of spinal cord ischemia. The sham group (n = 6) did not receive spinal cord ischemia. Tarlov scores in the DADLE treatment group were significantly higher than in the NS group (P < .05). The score in the D0.05 group was the highest among all of the DADLE treatment groups (P < .05). *P < .05 vs NS. #P < .05 vs D0.05. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2016 63, 1074-1081DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.074) Copyright © 2016 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Rates of paraplegia are shown at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. The animals in the normal saline (NS), and in the delta-opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE; D) D0.0005, D0.005, D0.05, and D0.5 mg/kg groups (each n = 8) received spinal cord ischemia for 30 minutes with NS or DADLE infused through abdominal aorta during the entire spinal cord ischemic period. The sham group (n = 6) did not receive spinal cord ischemia. The rates in the DADLE treatment groups were significantly lower compared with the NS group (P < .05). The rate in D0.05 group was the lowest among all of the DADLE treatment groups (P < .05). *P < .05 vs NS. #P < .05 vs D0.05. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2016 63, 1074-1081DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.074) Copyright © 2016 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Representative photomicrographs show the ventral horn of the spinal cord at 72 hours after reperfusion in the (A) normal saline (NS), delta-opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE; D) (B) D0.0005, (C) D0.005, (D) D0.05, (E) D0.5 mg/kg, and (F) sham (hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×40). G, The number of surviving motor neurons in the six groups is shown at 72 hours after reperfusion. The error bars show the interquartile range. *P < .05 vs NS. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2016 63, 1074-1081DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.074) Copyright © 2016 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions