Rise of the Dictators

Unit Objectives To learn what led to the rise of the dictators (Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Franco) To assess how those leaders were able to take over their countries To assess the similarities and differences between Fascism and Nazism

Benito Mussolini Italy, 1922 Took control of Italy by force (did hold fixed elections) Promised economic relief and return to past glory to become popular with Italian people

Fascism (This is an ID):   MILITARISTIC, NATIONALISTIC, STATE-RUN DICTATORSHIP THAT FORCEFULLY SUPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION Built up Italy’s military in late 1920’s and through the ‘30’s -EXAMPLE: ITALY INVADED ETHIOPIA

Joseph Stalin Soviet Union, 1924 POLITICAL REVOLUTIONARY THAT TOOK OVER SOVIET UNION AFTER DEATH OF LENIN HAD BEEN SENT TO SIBERIA SEVERAL TIMES WAS CRUEL HARSH DICTATOR (THOUSANDS DIED OR DISAPPEARED)

Stalin was not portrayed to the public as being as bad as Hitler, Mussolini, or leaders of Japan because he was an Ally

Emperor Hirohito, Tojo Japanese Empire, late 1920’s Japan was tired of being dependent on others for natural resources as it industrialized—very similar to Great Britain 100 years before, so it started to build an empire in the Pacific

The Rise of Japan 1931: INVADED MANCHURIA & PREPARED TO INVADE CHINA 1937: INVADED CHINA—NEVER ABLE TO DEFEAT CHINA (COMMUNISTS & NATIONALISTS JOINED FORCES)

Rise of Japan 1939: JOINED AXIS POWERS (GERMANY & ITALY) 1941: LAUNCHED SURPRISE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR (SAW U.S. AS LAST OBSTACLE TO PACIFIC EMPIRE; U.S. HAD CUT OFF OIL)

Adolf Hitler Germany, 1933 1923: HITLER HAD TAKEN OVER LEADERSHIP OF THE NAZI PARTY AND TRIED TO LEAD REVOLUTION AGAINST GERMAN GOVERNMENT—FAILED, SPENT 9 MONTHS IN JAIL

Mein Kampf BOOK HITLER WROTE WHILE IN JAIL; OUTLINED HITLER’S PLANS FOR EUROPE

How Hitler Became Dictator 1933: HITLER WAS APPOINTED CHANCELLOR (PRESIDENT) HE WAS POPULAR WITH PEOPLE BECAUSE HE PROMISED ECONOMIC RECOVERY, RETURN TO PAST GLORY, AND BLAMED PAST GERMAN GOVERNMENT & JEWS FOR GERMANY’S TROUBLES

How Hitler Became Dictator Reichstag (German government building) burned, Hitler blamed the Communists (really his people), convinced Reichstag (German Congress) to give him emergency dictatorial powers

Nazism (This is an ID): HITLER’S EXTREME VERSION OF FASCISM THAT INCLUDED RACISM (MAINLY AGAINST JEWS) Genocide: wiping out a race of people   Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to rid Germany and Europe of the Jews

Gestapo: Hitler’s secret police force Stormtroopers: Germany’s elite soldiers; placed in charge of the concentration camps Brownshirts: German citizens who displayed their loyalty to Hitler by persecuting Jews