‘Human Security’ - The What and the How? Mari Fitzduff Director, MA Program in Coexistence and Conflict at Brandeis, and Chair of Coexistence International (CI)

Q1 What are we trying to achieve? Q2 What do we call what we do? Q3 How do we achieve the vision? Q4 Next steps?

Q1: Vision - What on Earth is Peace? Negative Peace v Positive Peace Reconciliation? Human Security?

Q2: What do we call what we do? Office of Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (State Dept.) Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (USAID) Conflict Prevention and Peace building (UNDP) Bureau for Crisis Prevention & Recovery (UNDP) Program for Promotion of Dialogue and Conflict Resolution Unit (OAS) African Crisis Response Initiative (US) Conflict Prevention Centre (OSCE) Government Post Conflict Reconstruction Unit (UK) Conflict Prevention Pools (UK) Conflict Reduction and Humanitarian Assistance (UK) Conflict Prevention and Civilian Crisis Management (EU) Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Unit (World Bank) Post-Conflict Fund (World Bank)

…and in MA programs? Conflict Analysis and Resolution Peace and Justice Studies Conflict Studies/Peace Studies Peace and Conflict Studies Conflict Transformation Violence Prevention and Response Coexistence and Conflict Human Security - emerging Note: We are unclear and unagreed on the core knowledge, skills and values of MA’s. (Draft core competencies available).

Q3: How do we achieve the vision? Weapons disposal/limitation? Legislation/HR work? Dialogue/ Mediation at all levels? Problem Solving Workshops? Contact work/Joint projects? Single Identity Work? Arts/Culture approaches/Media work? Advocacy work/Non-violence activities? Conflict Level, or Time specific work, e.g. Early warning programs, Containment work, Victims/Demobilization/Reintegration Research/Leadership and Training?

Q1: Coexistence Program Vision (draft) Equality Diversity Interdependence (Actively pursued) (Valued) (Recognized)

Interdependence COEXISTENCE Equality Diversity

"Recognizing each other's status and rights as human beings, developing a just and inclusive vision for each community's future, and implementing economic, social, cultural, or political development across former community divides.” OXFAM definition of Coexistence work.

U2 Concert - June 2005

Social Capacity Development Human Rights Work Equality These approaches/strategies often overlap and will vary according to the context Equality Legislation Economic Development Social Capacity Development Human Rights Work Democracy/Governance Work Security/Law and Order Work Advocacy Work

Diversity Diversity Legislation Coexistence Education Language Work Single Identity Work Cultural Traditions Affirmative Work Media Symbols Work Drama/Music/Festivals

Interdependence (‘Co’ or ‘Conflict’ Lens) Tolerance Education Weapons Limitation/Disposal Legislation (e.g. ‘Good Relations”) Co - Political/Democracy/Governance work Co - Security/Law and Order Co - Social/Economic/Aid Development Co - Business/Environmental Work Co - Media Work

DIALOGUE/INTERDEPENDENCE CO -WORK ASSISTS DIALOGUE ON ALL OF THE BELOW VARIABLES SHARED INFRASTRUCTURES POLITICAL ACTIVITY EQUITY/HUMAN RIGHTS DIVERSITY WORK Integrated coexistence work in NI LAW & ORDER COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT & LEADERSHIP ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE/INTERDEPENDENCE WORK

Q3: How Do We Achieve the Vision? (which will vary according to need) Weapons disposal/limitation Legislation/HR Work Dialogue/ Mediation at all levels Problem Solving Workshops Contact work/Joint projects Single Identity Work Arts/culture approaches/ Media Work Advocacy work/Non-violence activities Conflict Time specific work e.g. Early warning programs, Containment work, Victims/Demobilization/Reintegration Research/Leadership and Training

Equality Diversity Interdependence COEXISTENCE METHODS: Weapons disposal/limitation Legislation/HR work Dialogue/ Mediation at all levels Problem Solving Workshops Contact work/Joint projects Single Identity Work Arts/Culture approaches Media work Advocacy work/Non-violence activities Conflict Level, or Time specific work, e.g. Early warning programs, Containment work Victims Demobilization/Reintegration Research/Leadership and Training Equality Legislation Economic Development Social Capacity Development Human Rights Work Democracy/ Governance Work Security/Law and Order Work Advocacy Work Diversity Legislation Coexistence Education Language Work Single Identity Work Cultural Traditions Affirmative Work Media Symbols Work Drama/Music/ Festivals Tolerance Ed’n Weapons Limitation/ Disposal Legislation Co-Political/ Democracy/ Governance Work Co-Security/ Law and Order Co-Social/ Economic/ Aid Development Co-Business/ Environmental Work Co-Media Work

Q4: Next Steps? Discussions around end visions. Analyses re contextual and complementary needs (Hammer problem…). Discussions/training for indigenous and international coexistence workers to effect partnerships with other fields. Discussions/training for institutions who do not see their work as coexistence work, but are willing to add a coexistence lens to it. Effective evaluation of interventions, partnerships and failures/successes.