Distinctive subpopulations of the intestinal microbiota are present in women with unexplained chronic anovulation Hiroyuki Sasaki, Kazuhiro Kawamura,

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Distinctive subpopulations of the intestinal microbiota are present in women with unexplained chronic anovulation Hiroyuki Sasaki, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Toshihiro Kawamura, Toshitaka Odamaki, Noriko Katsumata, Jin-Zhong Xiao, Nao Suzuki, Mamoru Tanaka Reproductive BioMedicine Online Volume 38, Issue 4, Pages 570-578 (April 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026 Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on the distance matrix of UniFrac dissimilarity of the microbial community between samples. (a) PCoA unweighted UniFrac PC1 versus PC2. IMC group  = irregular menstrual cycle group, n = 8. RMC group = regular menstrual cycle group, n = 24. (b) PCoA weighted UniFrac PC1 versus PC2. IMC group  = irregular menstrual cycle group, n = 8. RMC group  =  regular menstrual cycle group, n = 24. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2019 38, 570-578DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Relative bacterial abundance in the rectal swabs of control and IMC groups at the phylum level. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria accounted on average for 99.8% of total sequences in all study participants. There was no significant difference between the IMC group and the RMC group. IMC = irregular menstrual cycle, RMC = regular menstrual cycle. Others includes Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteres, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, TM7, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2019 38, 570-578DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Differential microbial composition in patients with regular menstruation or irregular menstrual cycle. LEfSe determines the biological relevance of significant enrichment of taxa and ranks them by effect size. LDA score indicates the magnitude of the effect size. Taxa enriched in the irregular menstrual cycle (IMC) group are described with a positive LDA score (green), and taxa enriched in the regular menstrual cycle (RMC) group have a negative score (red). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2019 38, 570-578DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A cladogram based on the LEfSe method is shown and highlights the taxonomic groups in the IMC group (green) and the RMC group (red). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2019 38, 570-578DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions