Increased expression of bronchial epithelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels in patients with severe asthma Lorcan P. McGarvey, MD,

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Presentation transcript:

Increased expression of bronchial epithelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels in patients with severe asthma Lorcan P. McGarvey, MD, Claire A. Butler, PhD, Susan Stokesberry, PhD, Liam Polley, MD, Stephen McQuaid, PhD, Hani’ah Abdullah, PhD, Sadaf Ashraf, PhD, Mary K. McGahon, PhD, Tim M. Curtis, PhD, Joe Arron, MD, PhD, David Choy, BSc, Tim J. Warke, MD, Peter Bradding, DM, Madeleine Ennis, PhD, Alexander Zholos, PhD, Richard W. Costello, MD, Liam G. Heaney, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 133, Issue 3, Pages 704-712.e4 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016 Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A, Molecular expression of TRPV channel subtypes in human PBECs. Conventional RT-PCR showing the expression of TRPV family subtypes, including TRPV1, in PBECs from healthy control subjects (n = 3). B, Expression of TRPV1 protein in PBECs. TRPV1-specific bands were observed at the molecular weight of 95 KDa in PBECs (lanes 2-4, upper panel). TRPV1 transfected HEK cells were used as a positive control (lane 1, upper panel). β-Tubulin (lower panel) was used to ascertain equal loading (Abcam 6046). Results are representative of 2 independent experiments. C, Gene expression microarray analysis of bronchial brush samples from healthy subjects, patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, and patients with severe asthma. Gene expression microarray analysis was performed on fresh bronchial brush samples from the Leicester cohort comprising patients with severe asthma (n = 12), patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 16), and healthy subjects (n = 8). TRPV1 expression was significantly increased in patients with severe asthma versus those with mild-to-moderate asthma (*P = .008) and healthy volunteers (**P = .004). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Digital photographic images of TRPV1 expression in JB4 sections from healthy control subjects (A; only patchy or focal areas of low-intensity epithelial expression), patients with moderate asthma (B; the majority of epithelial and submucosal cells express antigen), and patients with severe asthma (C; widespread and strong epithelial and submucosal cell expression). Sections incubated in the absence of antibodies showed no staining, and a representative image is shown (D). Representative IHC is shown at ×400 magnification. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Confocal microscopic images of double-staining immunocytochemistry demonstrating localization of TRPV1 channels in bronchial epithelium (healthy subjects). Bronchial epithelial cells identified by means of positive red staining with the cytokeratin antibody AE1AE3 (A) were also positive for TRPV1 (green; B), and colocalization was evident when the images were merged (yellow; C). Representative IHC is shown at ×400 magnification. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 TRPV1 and ER colocalization in human bronchial epithelial cells. Representative confocal microscopic images are at ×40 magnification, showing IHC staining of bronchial epithelial cells positive for TRPV1 (A) and ER (B) markers. Colocalization was evident when the images were merged (C; orange/yellow). 4′-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride–stained blue nuclei are shown in Fig 4, C. Scale bar = 100 μm. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Quantitative immunohistochemical epithelial expression for TRPV1 in bronchial biopsy specimens. TRPV1 expression is increased in the bronchial epithelium of patients with severe asthma. There was a trend toward increased TRPV1 expression with severity of asthma (P = .001, Kendall τ-b statistic). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Whole-cell PBEC (healthy subject) membrane current responses to capsaicin application (50 μmol/L) measured by using voltage steps. A, Superimposed current traces evoked by 1-second voltage steps before, in the presence of, and after capsaicin washout, as indicated. The dotted line indicates zero-level current. B, Mean normalized I-V relationship of background current (n = 4). C, I-V relationships for the current amplitude measured at the end of each voltage step in the experiment illustrated in Fig 6, A. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Time course of the capsaicin membrane current response. A, Current amplitude was monitored by applying voltage ramps from −100 to 140 mV at 10-second intervals. Circles show the current amplitude at 140 mV. B, The I-V relationships were derived from the ramps applied before, at the peak response, and 3 minutes after washout of the drug, as indicated. C, Mean normalized I-V relationships measured before (squares) and after (circles) capsaicin application (n = 3). In each cell current amplitude at 140 mV in control subjects was normalized as 1.0. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 Whole-cell PBEC (healthy subject) membrane current responses to reduced external pH measured by using voltage ramps. A, Superimposed current traces evoked by voltage ramps from −100 to 140 mV at 10-second intervals in pH 7.4 and pH 6.4 (± capsazepine; 5 μmol/L) external solutions, as indicated. The dotted line indicates zero-level current. B, Mean ± SEM I-V relationship (normalized for cell capacitance) of capsazepine-sensitive current (n = 4). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 9 Capsaicin induces IL-8 release from human PBECs (asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects). PBECs treated (24 hours) with 10, 25, or 50 μmol/L capsaicin or control medium. Values are expressed as the mean release over baseline ± SEM. A, Capsaicin-induced IL-8 release. **P < .01, ***P < .001 compared with control, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn multiple comparison (n = 12 individual experiments). B, Capsazepine inhibits capsaicin-induced IL-8 release from human PBECs. PBECs were pretreated for 20 minutes with 10 μmol/L capsazepine and then with 10, 25, or 50 μmol/L capsaicin or control medium with or without capsazepine. Values are expressed as mean release over baseline ± SEM. Capsazepine significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced IL-8 release compared with 25 μmol/L (*P < .001) and 50 μmol/L (**P < .001) capsaicin alone (1-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni multiple comparison test, n = 9 individual experiments). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 qRT-PCR expression of TRPV1 in fresh bronchial epithelial brush samples from healthy volunteers, patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, and patients with severe asthma. Analysis of fresh bronchial brush samples from the Leicester cohort comprising healthy subjects (n = 10), patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 16), and patients with severe asthma (n = 15) was performed. Data are presented as median (IQR) relative fold expression of TRPV1 mRNA calculated as ΔΔCT values. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133, 704-712.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.016) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions