Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Rural outsourcing can also be synergetic and profitable for cities. It creates the possibility to remotely develop a matching future urban labor force at lower cost. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Refival’s digital apprenticeship approach, based on education and work experience on demand, is a good alternative to “compulsory” migration. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Rural outsourcing can also be synergetic and profitable for cities. It creates the possibility to remotely develop a matching future urban labor force at lower cost. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. Internet based rural revitalization reestablishes economic sustainability of the countryside and supplies it with a modern digital infrastructure. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Refival’s digital apprenticeship approach, based on education and work experience on demand, is a good alternative to “compulsory” migration. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Rural outsourcing can also be synergetic and profitable for cities. It creates the possibility to remotely develop a matching future urban labor force at lower cost. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. A better balance between urban and rural life styles and between the related demographical differences they face, implies less overpopulation of cities. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. Internet based rural revitalization reestablishes economic sustainability of the countryside and supplies it with a modern digital infrastructure. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Refival’s digital apprenticeship approach, based on education and work experience on demand, is a good alternative to “compulsory” migration. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Rural outsourcing can also be synergetic and profitable for cities. It creates the possibility to remotely develop a matching future urban labor force at lower cost. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Finally, the countryside can become an attractive location for robotized production. Though fundamentally different, city and village do represent equally valuable options. Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. A better balance between urban and rural life styles and between the related demographical differences they face, implies less overpopulation of cities. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. Internet based rural revitalization reestablishes economic sustainability of the countryside and supplies it with a modern digital infrastructure. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Refival’s digital apprenticeship approach, based on education and work experience on demand, is a good alternative to “compulsory” migration. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Rural outsourcing can also be synergetic and profitable for cities. It creates the possibility to remotely develop a matching future urban labor force at lower cost. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org

Internet Based Apprenticeship: a New Paradigm for Rural Revitalization Finally, the countryside can become an attractive location for robotized production. Though fundamentally different, city and village do represent equally valuable options. Many local countryside economies are subsistence farming based. Yet, their eventual surplus production competes with industrialized agriculture. A better balance between urban and rural life styles and between the related demographical differences they face, implies less overpopulation of cities. Food supply is unstable due to full dependency on one’s own harvest; absense of alternative sources of rural income results in poverty. Internet based rural revitalization reestablishes economic sustainability of the countryside and supplies it with a modern digital infrastructure. In many third-world countries the birth rate is higher than what the village communities can currently support. Refival’s digital apprenticeship approach, based on education and work experience on demand, is a good alternative to “compulsory” migration. Lack of sustainability forces young people to migrate to cities. Many face a harsh, bottom-up process to enter the urban labor market. Rural outsourcing can also be synergetic and profitable for cities. It creates the possibility to remotely develop a matching future urban labor force at lower cost. Those remaining in the countryside, gradually become financially dependent on support received from family members who relocated to the city. Further rural migration to megacities can be averted. A paradigm change through which Internet based jobs can be geographically relocated to any location facilitates this. As, over time, urban to rural aid usually starts to decrease, only the aged population without any future hold out and rural communities ultimately collapse. © 2017, Johannes C. van Nieuwkerk, jcn@refival.org