Figure 5: Increased and sustained expression of inflammatory markers in both the mid-palatal suture and PDL correlate with osteoclast activity. Expression.

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Figure 5: Increased and sustained expression of inflammatory markers in both the mid-palatal suture and PDL correlate with osteoclast activity. Expression of chemokines (A), cytokines (B), and their receptors (C) in the mid-palatal suture and PDL of the Sham and Experimental groups was measure by RT-PCR 24 hours after force application. Data are expressed as the Experimental mean “fold” change ± SD in gene expression compared to the Sham group. Each number represents the average of 5 samples. All 29 genes were significantly different between Experimental and Sham at both locations. (* Significantly different between suture and PDL in experimental group, p <0.05). (D) Mean concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL5 in mid-palatal suture and PDL at different time points was evaluated by ELISA. Data expressed as the mean ± SD of concentration in picograms per 100 mg of tissue. Each number represents the average of 5 samples. (* Significantly different from Sham; # significantly different between Experimental suture and Experimental PDL, p<0.05). (E) Mean concentration of RANKL in the mid-palatal suture and PDL of Sham and Experimental groups at different time points was evaluated by ELISA. Data expressed as the mean ± SD of concentration in picograms per 100 mg of tissue. Each number represents the average of 5 samples. (*Significantly different from Sham, p<0.05). Alikhani M, Alansari S, Al Jearah MM, Gadhavi N, Hamidaddin MA, Shembesh FA, Sangsuwon C, Nervina JM, Teixeira CC. Innovation. 2018. 1(4):e1. doi:10.30771/2018.2