The Search for Spices Mr. Barchetto Notes #1

Understanding the Cause of Exploration…Pt.1 ~Timeline~ When was Europe first introduced to the trade routes in Asia, North Africa and the Middle East? Crusades Spices emerge in Europe and are considered a luxury Used to preserve food and add flavor; these spices where found in the spice islands Indonesia Trade Halts- Why do you think the trade of spices halted? (2 reasons) Black Plague Mongol Empire Collapsed they controlled major trade routes Europe lost 25 million people

Understanding the Cause of Exploration…Pt.2 What happens in Europe after the Black Death? Rebirth/RevivalRENAISSANCE What country benefitted the most from the Renaissance? Italycenter of all trade routes from the east What changes are taking place in Europe during the Renaissance making it a perfect time for exploration to begin? Education/learning Art/beauty Idea of Humanism Which change do you believe to be the most important? Why?

Technology at the Dawn of the Exploration Age Compass- used to maintain direction and course Sextant- using the height of the stars above the horizon to determine latitude and longitude Caravel- 65 feet in length Triangular sails for maneuverability and square sails for power. Large cargo area helped hold supplies for long voyages, and low keel (Bottom) allowed caravel to travel closing to shore.

Motives for European Exploration What country benefitted the most from the trade coming from the east? Italy 1400’s Italian middle men controlled trade from Asia. 3 Major Motives: Renaissance spirit to learn about new lands. Atlantic powers i.e. Spain, Portugal and England sought route to Asia that bypassed Italy. Desire for wealth—God, Gold, Glory

4 Explorers Activity-use pages Henry the Navigator pg.530 Country/Year: Portugal1415 Motives/Goals: GOD,GOLD, GLORY Outcomes: Henry mapped the entire West coast of Africa Vasco da Gama pg.532 Portugal1497 Travel around the southern tip of Africa w/ hope of getting to the spice islands. 10 month voyage led to da Gama to the west coast of India in the great spice port of Calicut. Christopher Columbus pg.553 Country/Year: Spain1492 Motives/Goals: Travel west to get to the East Indies. Outcomes: Columbus would establish the West Indies and begin the Spanish conquest of the Americas. Ferdinand Magellan pg.554 Spain1519 Search to find route around Americas to get to the East Indies Magellan traveled in every bay along South America, w/ hopes of finding South Sea. 1522 Magellan’s crew become the first people to circumnavigate the globe.

Empires Emerge- Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas- Also known as the line of demarcation…This line was agreed upon by the Spanish and Portuguese and divided the world into east and western portions. Spain would control all new lands west of the line and Portugal would control all new lands discovered east of this line. Why do you think this was?