From pluripotent stem cells to T cells Amélie Montel-Hagen, Gay M. Crooks  Experimental Hematology  Volume 71, Pages 24-31 (March 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.001 Copyright © 2019 ISEH -- Society for Hematology and Stem Cells Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Schema of current approaches for T-cell differentiation from hPSCs. (A) Common models of T-cell differentiation from hPSCs consist of a multistep process with the specification of mesoderm by either generating EBs or cocultivating PSCs on OP9 stromal lines in the presence of morphogens. Culture conditions are then changed to favor hematoendothelial induction. The CD34+ hematopoietic cells generated from OP9 cocultures, EBs, or hematopoietic zones are then isolated and replated onto OP9-DLL1 or DLL4 stromal monolayers for T-cell differentiation. (B) In the ATO model, mesoderm specification is initiated from PSCs to produce EMPs that are then aggregated with MS5-DLL4 in 3D organoids placed at a liquid–air interface. Hematopoietic specification and T-cell commitment and differentiation into mature naïve CD3+ T cells (either CD8(ab)+ or CD4+) are then induced by simple medium changes. Experimental Hematology 2019 71, 24-31DOI: (10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.001) Copyright © 2019 ISEH -- Society for Hematology and Stem Cells Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Schemas for the generation of antigen-specific T-lineage cells from PSCs for immunotherapy. (A) Lentiviral expression of CAR in PSCs, followed by the differentiation model using EB generation and coculture on OP9-DLL1 monolayers, produces innate-like CAR T cells. This model can be applied to any PSCs including T-iPSCs. (B) iPSCs derived from a clone of T cells (T-iPSCs) expressing a specific TCR and differentiated using multistep monolayer coculture on OP9 and OP9-DL1 stromal cells produce CD4+CD8aa DP cells, which, when isolated and activated with anti-CD3, produce CD8ab T cells that express the original TCR of the T-cell clone. (C) Lentiviral expression of a class I-restricted TCR (in this case specific for the tumor antigen NYESO-1) TCR in PSCs, followed by the production of EMPs and the generation of ATOs as shown in Figure 1, leads directly to the production of conventional mature NY-ESO TCR+ CD8ab T cells that possess antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Experimental Hematology 2019 71, 24-31DOI: (10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.001) Copyright © 2019 ISEH -- Society for Hematology and Stem Cells Terms and Conditions