Yanli Ouyang, MD, PhDa, Nisha Virasch, BSa, Ping Hao, MDa, Michael T

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Suppression of human IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production by cigarette smoke extracts Yanli Ouyang, MD, PhDa, Nisha Virasch, BSa, Ping Hao, MDa, Michael T. Aubrey, MSa, Neeta Mukerjee, PhDb, Barbara E. Bierer, MDb, Brian M. Freed, PhDa Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 106, Issue 2, Pages 280-287 (August 2000) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.107751 Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Chromatographic profiles of Camel, Marlboro, and Carlton smoke extracts. The chromatographic profiles of Camel (A) , Marlboro (B) , and Carlton (C) extracts were determined by using reverse-phase HPLC monitored with a UV detector at 280 nm and an electrochemical detector at 0.7 V (inset) . The results are representative of 8 separate experiments. H , Peak for hydroquinone; C , peak for catechol; EC, electrical current. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of Camel smoke extract on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ production by human PBMCs. PBMCs (1 × 106/mL) were pretreated with Camel smoke extract for 3 hours and then stimulated with 28 ng/mL anti-CD3 and 3 nmol/L PMA for 24 hours. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were analyzed by using ELISA. The data are expressed as means ± SE of triplicate cultures. Asterisks and double asterisks denote values that are significantly different from the control (concentration 0) at a P value of less than .05 and P value of less than .01, respectively. The undiluted extract prepared by smoking one cigarette through 10 mL of RPMI-1640 is denoted as a relative concentration of 1. The results are representative of 3 separate experiments. NS , The basal cytokine level measured in unstimulated cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effects of Marlboro smoke extract on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ production by human PBMCs. PBMCs were treated and analyzed as reported in the legend to Fig 2. The results are representative of 3 separate experiments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of Carlton smoke extract on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ production by human PBMCs. PBMCs were treated and analyzed as reported in the legend to Fig 2. The results are representative of 3 separate experiments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effects of nicotine on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ production by human PBMCs. PBMCs (1 × 106/mL) were pretreated with nicotine for 3 hours and then stimulated with 28 ng/mL anti-CD3 and 3 nmol/L PMA for 24 hours. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were analyzed by using ELISA. The data were analyzed as reported in the legend to Fig 2. The results are representative of 3 separate experiments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Effects of hydroquinone on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ production by human PBMCs. PBMCs were treated and analyzed as reported in the legend to Fig 5. The results are representative of 3 separate experiments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Effects of catechol on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ production by human PBMCs. PBMCs were treated and analyzed as reported in the legend to Fig 5. The results are representative of 3 separate experiments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 106, 280-287DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.107751) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions