A SPEAKER’S GUIDEBOOK 4TH EDITION CHAPTER 26 Organizing the Persuasive Speech

Factors to Consider When Choosing an Organizational Pattern The nature of your arguments and evidence The nature of your target audience The nature of your specific speech purpose Types of persuasive appeals used Cultural Perspectives

Claims & Patterns Claims of policy often address problems that should be fixed, so a problem-solution pattern works well. Comparative advantage patterns work best for claims of value as these usually try to show that one way is better than another. Claims of fact tend to argue cause-effect.

Reaching Your Target Audience Consider what your target audience already knows and feels about the topic. A refutative pattern works best for hostile or conflicted audiences. Hostile audiences strongly disagree with you. Sympathetic audiences who already agree with you are better reached by narratives. Topical arrangement of main points are needed to reach apathetic or uninformed audiences.

Four Point Justification System A four point justification system can be used with changing or creating a policy to solve a problem. First Main Point: Describe the need or problem. Second Main Point: Discuss reasons for the problem. Third Main Point: Propose solution. Fourth Main Point: Prove feasibility of the solution.

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence STEP 1: ATTENTION – addresses audience concerns. STEP 2: NEED – uses components of Maslow’s Hierarchy; the problems related to the topic impacting human need are shared. STEP 3: SATISFACTION – introduces the answer which will meet the needs. STEP 4: VISUALIZATION – paints a vision of the outcome which will be experienced if audience does as the speaker requests. STEP 5: ACTION – makes a direct request of the audience.

Question A. Introduction B. Conclusion C. First Main Idea Where in your speech would you find the call to action step of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence? A. Introduction B. Conclusion C. First Main Idea D. Last Main Idea E. In the Thesis Statement

Comparative Advantage The audience must already be aware of the issue and searching for a solution. Proven alternative solutions exist and familiar ones are mentioned. Speaker must just prove that his/her viewpoint is the most favorable.

Question Which type of persuasive speech pattern disproves an opposing claim to your position? A. Narrative B. Refutative C. Comparative-advantage D. Problem-solution E. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Question Which type of persuasive speech pattern is used to persuade the audience to buy something? A. Narrative B. Refutative C. Comparative-advantage D. Problem-solution E. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Choose Your Persuasive Speech Topic Pick a controversial issue for which you have strong feelings or opinions. Decide what sort of claim you want to make. Be clear about which side of the argument you want to take. Write your specific purpose statement. Choose an organizational pattern that best fits your topic and your claim.

Chapter 26 Key Terms for Review claim of policy claim of value claim of fact target audience hostile audience or one that strongly disagrees critical and conflicted audience sympathetic audience uninformed, less educated, or apathetic audience specific speech purpose problem-solution pattern of arrangement problem-cause-solution pattern of arrangement motivated sequence pattern of arrangement comparative advantage pattern of arrangement refutation pattern of arrangement