Lathe Machines B.Tech III Year I semester R16

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Manufacturing Processes lab I Running a lathe machine
Advertisements

The Metalworking Lathe
MACHINE TOOL Prof. kiran gore.
…………..Continued Recap Machine tool Lathe machine Basic components
The Lathe machine.
MCQ.
Centre lathe.
Lathe.
Metal cutting Lathe.
Conventional Machining
AUTOMATIC LATHES These are machine tools in which components are machined automatically. The working cycle is fully automatic that is repeated to produce.
Saravanan P WELCOME. Saravanan P General Manufacturing Metal Removing( Machining) Metal Joining ( Welding, Brazing and Soldering) Metal Forming & Casting.
Lathe Machines Types of Lathes: Center Lathe Engine Lathe Bench Lathe
Chapter 22: Turning and Boring Processes
Lathe and drilling machines
Classification of Lathe
Lathe Machine.
LATHE OPERATIONS The various operations that can be performed on a lathe are: Turning. Step turning. Taper turning. Thread cutting. Facing. Knurling Chamfering.
MACHINE TOOLS Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg..
The Lathe Section 11.
Unit 4 Machine Tools Machine Tools (Basic Elements, Working principle
Lathe and drilling machines
Chapter 22: Turning and Boring Processes
Session 3 Classification of lathes Kinematics system of centre lathe
First Year, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University Dr. Ahmed Salah Abou Taleb 1 Manufacturing Processes 1 (MDP 114)
Chapter 22 Turning and Boring Processes (Review) EIN 3390 Manufacturing Processes Spring, 2011.
LATHE MACHINE IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE,GHAZIABAD Submitted by Ankit Chauhan ( )
Drilling machine. Introduction Drilling is a metal cutting process carried out by a rotating cutting tool to make circular holes in solid materials. Tool.
Introduction Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape &size The basic lathe that was designed to cut cylindrical.
MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINE TOOLS 1.Turning and Related Operations ©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing.
PATEL KETAN SINGH ANKIT RAVAL KUNJESH SWAMINARAYAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LATHE MACHINE.
1. Bed 2. Headstock 3. Tailstock 4. Carriage 5. Feed Mechanism.
VISHAL FACHARA ( ) ABHISHEK REVAR ( ) DHRUV BAKORI ( ) SANKET CHANGELA ( ) lathe machine.
4.4 Size of a Horizontal Boring Machine:  Conventionally, the size of a horizontal boring machine is specified by the spindle diameter in mm.  The spindle.
ENM208 INTRODUCTION to MACHINING ANADOLU UNİVERSITY Industrial Engineering Department.
ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute Of Chemical Technology
Horizontal Milling Machines and Accessories
1 HASMUKH GOSWAMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT Academic Year :
PRESENTATION ON LATHE MACHINE
Planer Machines. Introduction A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that is some what similar to a shaper, but larger, and with the entire workpiece.
Machining Module 5: Lathe Setup and Operations. Parallel (Straight) Turnning Parallel turning is to move the cutting tool parallel to the longitudinal.
Session 3  Classification of lathes  Kinematics system of centre lathe  Working principle of lathe machine.
UNIT-II TURNING MACHINES
Unit 4 Machine Tools Machine Tools (Basic Elements, Working principle
DRILLING Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg..
TOPIC:CENTRE LATHE,CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
The Centre lathe Damian Keenan.
Presentation on workshop practice
Sns college of engineering Department of mechanical
UNIT-II TURNING MACHINES
Flexible Manufacturing
Machining.
UNIT-2 MACHINING.
LATHE.
UNIT-I SLOTTING MACHINES
Different Types of Lathe Operations And Alignment Test
SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Introduction to the Lathe Machine
SHAPER MACHINE SHAPER MACHINE SHAPER MACHINE.
Horizontal Milling Machines and Accessories
Lathe Practice.
Lathe Machines Types of Lathes: Center Lathe Engine Lathe Bench Lathe
Facing & Center Drilling
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Lathe Practice.
(Lecturer in Mechanical Deptt.)
LATHE MACHINE A lathe is a machine tool which operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool. Lathe machine is also known.
Wood Lathe.
Machine Tools Machine Tools (Basic Elements, Working principle
Presentation transcript:

Lathe Machines B.Tech III Year I semester R16 Subject: Metrology and Machine Tools By Syed Zakiuddin Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering NSAKCET

Working Principle A machine for shaping a piece of material, such as wood or metal, by rotating it rapidly along its horizontal axis while pressing a fixed cutting or abrading tool against it. The working principal of lathe is to remove the excess material in the form of chips from rotating work piece held between two centers with the help of a cutting tool fed against the work piece. The centers between which the work piece is rotating are head stock Centre (live Centre) and tail stock Centre (dead Centre). The tool can be fed parallel to the work piece (horizontal) or perpendicular to the work piece (vertical). Metrology and Machine Tools

Parts of the lathe Bed Headstock Spindle Tailstock Carriage Feed mechanism Legs. Metrology and Machine Tools

Parts of the lathe Bed This is the base of the lathe, which will support the all other parts. This is a heavy rigid structure made by casting. This is a single piece structure which is having high damping capacity for the vibration generated by machine during machining. The rigid structure will helps to avoid deflections. Headstock The head stock will gives the rotation motion to the job at different speeds. It is a fixed part which will present on the left side of the lathe bed. Head stock will consists of a hallow spindle and drive unit like main spindle, feed reverse level, live centre, cone pulley etc. Metrology and Machine Tools

Parts of the lathe Spindle The spindle rotates on two large bearings housed on the headstock casting. A hole extends through the spindle so that a long bar stock may be passed through the hole. The front end of the spindle is threaded on which chucks, faceplate, driving plate and catch plate are screwed. The front end of the hole is tapered to receive live center which supports the work. Tailstock The tail stock is located at the right hand side of the lathe bed, it is called loose head stock because it is a movable member for alignment of work with head stock. The moving action of tailstock can be done by hand or by a wheel depending upon the design parameters and requirements. Metrology and Machine Tools

Parts of the lathe Carriage:- The carriage will present between headstock and tailstock which will slides on the bed ways of the lathe bed. The carriage will give feed to the tool and it holds the tool. The carriage consists of the following parts, (a) Saddle, (b) Cross slide, (c) Compound rest, (d) Tool post, (e) Apron. Metrology and Machine Tools

Parts of the lathe (a) Saddle:- The base of the carriage is the saddle and slides along the bed ways. It contains the cross feed mechanism for moving the cutting tool at right angles to the ways. It supports the cross slide on which compounds rest and tool post are mounted. (b) Cross slide:-The cross slide function to provide cutting action to the tool and the action of cutting tool will be perpendicular to centre line lathe. (c) Compound rest:-It is supported on cross slide and is equipped with hand feed only. It can be swiveled horizontally on its base to any angle through 360°. It is used for turning and boring short angles and tapers. (d) Tool post:-The tool post holds the tool in position and it is mounted on the top of the carriage. (e) Apron:-The apron is secured underneath the saddle of the carriage unit. The controls and mechanism for all movements of carriage are housed in the apron. Its feed mechanism converts rotary motion of the lead screw or feed rod into linear motion of the carriage on which cutting tool is clamped. Metrology and Machine Tools

Parts of the lathe Feed mechanism Most standard engine lathes are equipped with fed rod and a lead screw. The feed rod is used to provide automatic feed for all turning operations except for thread cutting. The lead screw transmits feed motion for screw cutting. In the absence of feed rod, the lead screw may be used for carriage feeds as well as thread cutting. The feed rod and lead screw obtain motion from the lathe spindle (Via gears) and transmit it to the carriage through gears and feed clutches. Legs The legs are the main support for the lathe to withstand the load, generally made by casting of cast iron will be used for legs. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Bench lathe Speed lathe Engine lathe Tool room lathe Capstan and turret lathe Automatic lathe Special- purpose lathes Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Bench lathe It is a very small lathe and is mounted on a separately prepared bench or cabinet. It is used for small and precision work since it is very accurate. It has the same features as Speed lathe or Engine lathe. It perform almost all the operations, but difference only in its size. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Speed lathe:- It is the simplest form of the lathe, in construction and operation. These lathes may be of bench type or they may have the supporting legs cast and fitted to the bed. It consist of bed, headstock, tailstock, and tool post. They have no gear box, carriage and the lead screw. Here the work piece held between two centres revolved at high speeds by head stock, and the tool is controlled by hand. The depth of the cut is low. The speed late is used in wood working, centering and polishing. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Engine lathe or centre lathe:- It is a general purpose lathe normally used all types of machine shops. The main parts of the engine lathe are the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, lead screw and feed change gear box. The cutting tool is mounted on tool post and can be fed in the cross and longitudinal directions with reference to lathe axis. Power from motor is transmitted to spindle by belt drive or by gear drive. The speed changes in belt drive are obtained by shifting the belt to different steps of cone pulley. It is used for producing cylindrical components. By using attachments and accessories, other operations such as taper turning, milling and grinding may also be performed. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Tool room lathe:- It is nothing but the same engine lathe but equipped with some extra attachments to make it suitable for a relatively more accurate and precision type of work carried out in a tool room lathe. It carries a much wider range of speeds and feeds. The usual attachments provided on a tool room lathe are taper turning attachments, follower rest, collets, chucks, etc. this lathe is made to have a comparatively smaller bed length than the usual engine lathe. The most commonly used lengths are 135 to 180 cm. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Capstan or turret lathe:- Capstan and turret lathes are development of the centre (engine) lathe and are used for producing large number of identical parts. The general design of these lathes is similar to engine lathe except that the tailstock is replaced by a hexagonal turret. This turret is fitted with a series of pre-set tools and can be indexed to present different tools to the work piece. With tooling these machines may be operated by semi-skilled operators. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Automatic lathe Automatic lathes are high speed, heavy duty lathes and are adapted in mass production. It is provided with automatic controls for movement of work and tools at the proper rates and sequences. Once the cutting tools are set up and the machine starts, it performs automatically all the operations to complete the work. The cycle is repeated automatically (i.e., without attention of operators) to complete the next job. The machine in which loading and unloading of work is done by operator, and other operations are completed automatically is called as semi-automatic machines. Metrology and Machine Tools

Types of lathe Special- purpose lathes These lathes are designed in such a way that, it can perform certain specified operations only. These are more effective than engine lathe in some specified operations. These include the gap lathe, wheel lathe, taper lathes etc. Metrology and Machine Tools

Specifications of engine lathe Height of the centers above the lathe bed. The largest diameter of work that can be revolved over the ways of lathe bed i.e., swing diameter over the bed. The largest diameter that can be accommodated over the carriage i.e., the swing diameter over the carriage. Maximum diameter that can be turned over the gap of bed (in case of gap bed) i.e., the swing diameter over the gap of bed. The maximum length of work that can be mounted between the centres. Metrology and Machine Tools

Taper turning on lathe Forming tool method, 2. Compound rest method, 3. Tailstock set-over method, and 4. Taper attachment methods. Metrology and Machine Tools

Taper turning on lathe Taper turning by a forming tool method Turning of taper by form tool is shown in fig. The form tool has a straight cutting edge inclined at the desired angle with the axis of rotation of work. This angle is equal to half the taper angle. The tool is fed straight into the work to produce a taper surface. This method is limited to short tapers. Metrology and Machine Tools

Taper turning on lathe Taper turning by the compound rest method Taper turning using compound rest is shown in fig. it is used for turning longer taper than produced by a form tool, but the length of taper is limited by linear movement of compound rest slide. The base of compound rest is graduated in degrees and can be swiveled for required angle. The taper angle must first be calculated in degrees, and the rest may be swiveled to required angle (half of the taper angle). The feeding of the tool is done with compound rest feed handle and is controlled by hand. This method is simple and easy to setup for wide range of angles. But due to hand feed, it gives low productivity and poor surface finish. Metrology and Machine Tools

Taper turning on lathe Taper turning by tailstock method This method is used for producing small tapers on long work pieces. In this method, the tail stock is set over at a distance away from the axis of spindle and the tool is allowed to move parallel to the axis of spindle. Due to the setting of tailstock, the work piece centre line is shifted at an angle a (semi-cone angle) to the spindle axis and hence allows for taper turning by moving the tool straight (or parallel to the axis of spindle).the axis of rotation of work is inclined at an angle to the lathe axis. It is the effective method of turning small tapers on long jobs. Metrology and Machine Tools

Taper turning on lathe Taper turning by taper attachment Taper turning attachment is shown in fig. in this method the work is aligned to lathe axis and cutting tool is fed at an angle to the axis of work by means of attachment. The taper turning attachment consists of a bracket on which a guide bar is pivoted. The guide bar is provided with graduation in degrees and can be swivelled on either side of zero graduation to set at the desired angle. It can be used for turning internal as well as external tapers, and power feed can be used to turn taper quickly and with better finish. But length of taper limited to length of slide bar. Metrology and Machine Tools

Turret lathe It is the modification of the engine lathe. The turret lathe elements the setup time between operations, reduced production time tremendously. In turret lathe the tail stock of an engine lathe is replaced by a multiple face rotating tool holder or turret which may have 6 faces. The 6 faces or hexagonal turret is the most common. All the 6 faces of the turret can hold 6 or more number of different tools. The turret may be indexed automatically and each tool may be brought in line with the lathe axis in a regular sequence. The longitudinal and cross fed movement of the turret saddle and cross slide are regulated by adjustable stops. The special of the turret lathe enable it to perform a series of operations such as drilling, boring, turning, thread cutting, chambering, cutting-off and many other operations in a regular sequence Metrology and Machine Tools

Capstan lathe The capstan lathe is a ram-type turret lathe in which hexagonal turret is mounted on a ram slide. The saddle, which supports the ram, is clamped to the bed at a desired position. This lathe is of light construction and has a short turret stroke and an automatic index on the turret. The turret stroke depends on the ram that varies from 100 mm to 375 mm. capstan lathes are used for mass production of small to medium size components from bar and rod stock. Metrology and Machine Tools

Principal of Automatic and semi-automatic lathes Automatic machine Machine in which the handling of work-piece along with the metal cutting operations is automatically performed is known as automatic machines. Semi-automatic machines:- Semi-automatic lathes are production lathes in which, once the machine is setup, all the machining operations are performed automatically but loading of work pieces and unloading of finished components are accomplished by the operator. Turret and capstan lathes are semi-automatic lathes. These lathes are used for production work where large quantities of identical work pieces are manufactured. Metrology and Machine Tools

Different types of automatic machines Magazine loaded automatic machines Magazine loaded automatic machines are used to machine the work- piece which are in the form of blanks. These blanks, before feeding to the automatics are appropriately machined till their accurate dimensions are obtained. Automatic bar Machines:- The machining of work pieces either from bar or pipe stock is accomplished by using automatic bar machines. These are further classified as follows, a. Single spindle machine b. Multi spindle machine Metrology and Machine Tools

Tooling layout of automatic lathes The tool layout for automatic turret lathe is shown in figure. The various operations performed to get the required job is as follows, 1. Feed bar to the stop 1 and clamp, 2. Centre end of the bar and dwell to clean up index turret, 3. Turn ∅12 and drill ∅ 9.9 4. Drill ∅5 holes, 5. Cone bottom of ∅ 9.9 mm hole, 6. Ream ∅ 10 mm and cone, 7. Cut-off over cross slide. Metrology and Machine Tools

Tooling layout of automatic lathes Metrology and Machine Tools