Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages (April 2010)

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Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages 22-24 (April 2010) Optogenetics 3.0 Xu Liu, Susumu Tonegawa Cell Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages 22-24 (April 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.019 Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Targeting Specific Neurons by Optogenetics Neurons A and B are neighboring neurons of the same type, with axonal projections ending in different brain regions containing neurons C and D, respectively. A virus encoding a WGA-CRE fusion protein is taken up by the soma of neuron C and the fusion protein product WGA-CRE trans-synaptically traffics into neuron A. Another virus coding for a CRE-dependent light-activated opsin effector was taken up by both neurons A and B because of their close spatial proximity. Only in neuron A, in the presence of WGA-CRE, is the construct processed and the final light-sensitive protein product (ChR2 or NpHR) made. Thus, neuron A is specifically labeled and can be distinguished from neuron B on excitation with the correct wavelength of light. Such optogenetic approaches can be used to manipulate the activity of a single neuron in a cell population in living animals with great precision. Cell 2010 141, 22-24DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.019) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions