DO NOW: Recreate the diagram below and complete

Texans defeated the Mexican troops at the Gonzales fort Sam Houston launched a surprise attack on the Mexican troops and captured Santa Anna. Texans defeated the Mexican troops at the Gonzales fort Davy Crockett, African Americans, and Tejanos helped the Texans toward victory at San Antonio Santa Anna agreed to recognize the independence of Texas. A small Texan army was attacked at the Alamo mission. All but few people were killed. Mexican troops ambushed at Goliad fort as the Texan troops retreated

DO NOW: Name three battles or places where fighting occurred in the fight for Texas independence. Name two people that were important in in the fight for Texas independence. Name one reason why the Texans wanted their independence in the first place.

We will learn… • why problems arose between the Mexican government and the American settlers in Texas.  • how Texas achieved independence from Mexico and later became a state.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Additional lecture notes appear on the following slides. Section 2-1a

Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Davy Crockett Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Section 2-4

I. A Clash of Cultures 1. Davy Crockett of Tennessee won notice for his frontier skills, his sense of humor, and the shrewd common sense he often displayed in politics.  2. After losing his seat in Congress in 1835, he went southwest to Texas.  He wanted to give the Texans “a helping hand on the high road to freedom”– winning their independence from Mexico. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2

I. A Clash of Cultures 3. Conflict over Texas began in 1803, when the United States bought the Louisiana Territory from France.  4. Americans claimed that the land in present-day Texas was part of the purchase.  In 1819, in the Adams-Onís Treaty, the United States agreed to drop any further claim to the region. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-3

A. Land Grants At the time, few people lived in Texas.  1. Most residents–about 3,000–were Tejanos, or Mexicans who claimed Texas as their home.  2. Because the Spanish wanted to promote the growth of Texas, they offered vast tracts of land to people called empresarios, people who agreed to bring families to settle on the land.  3. Mexico declared independence from Spain. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-4

B. Americans Move In 1. Before Moses Austin could establish his colony, Mexico declared its independence from Spain.  Austin died waiting for the new Mexican government to confirm his land grant.  The confirmation went instead to his son, Stephen F. Austin, who recruited 300 American families to settle the fertile land along the Brazos River and the Colorado River of Texas.  These families came to be called the Old Three Hundred. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-5

A. Land Grants 4. Moses Austin recruited 300 American families to settle in the land along the Brazos River and the Colorado River in Texas.  5. From 1823 to 1825, Mexico passed three colonization laws a. offered new settlers large tracts of land b. extremely low prices and no taxes for four years.  c. The colonists agreed to learn Spanish, convert to Catholicism–the religion of Mexico–and obey Mexican law. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

C. Growing Tension 1. By 1830 Americans in Texas far outnumbered Mexicans.  2. These American colonists had not adopted Mexican ways.  3. The United States had twice offered to buy Texas from Mexico.  4. In 1830 the Mexican government issued a decree, or official order, that stopped all immigration from the United States. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

C. Growing Tension (cont.) 5. Trade between Texas and the United States was discouraged by placing a tax on goods imported from the United States.  6. The prosperity of many citizens depended on trade with the United States.  7. Colonists who held slaves were uneasy about the Mexican government’s plans to end slavery. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

D. Attempt at Reconciliation 1. Some of the American settlers called for independence, while others hoped to stay within Mexico but on better terms.  2. In 1833 General Antonio López de Santa Anna became president of Mexico.  3. Stephen F. Austin traveled to Mexico City with the Texans’ demands–to remove the ban on American settlers and to make Texas a separate state. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

D. Attempt at Reconciliation (cont.) 4. Santa Anna agreed to the first request but refused the second.  5. Austin sent a letter back to Texas, suggesting independence, but it was intercepted and Austin was arrested.  6. While Austin was in jail, Santa Anna named himself dictator and overthrew Mexico’s constitution of 1824. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-10

II. The Struggle for Independence During 1835 unrest grew among Texans and occasionally resulted in conflict.  Santa Anna sent an army into Texas late that year to punish the rebels.  1. Some Mexican troops tried in October to seize a cannon held by Texans at the town of Gonzales.  After a brief struggle, Texans drove back the Mexican troops.  2. Texans consider this the first fight of the Texan Revolution. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-12

Recreate the flow-chart below and complete Texans demanded Mexican government lift restrictions on American settlers and to make Texas a separate state More American settlers began moving into Texas but refused to follow Mexican laws. Battle of Gonzales starts Texas Revolution Mexican government gives land grants to American settlers

A. Early Victories 1. The Texans offered free land to anyone who would join their fight.  2. Davy Crockett and many others– including a number of African Americans and Tejanos–answered that call.  3. In December 1835, the Texans liberated San Antonio from the control of a larger Mexican force.  Thinking the war was won, some Texans left San Antonio. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-13

B. The Battle of the Alamo 1. In February of 1836, Santa Anna found a small Texan force barricaded inside a mission called the Alamo.  2. Although the Texans had cannons, they lacked gunpowder and had only about 150 soldiers.  3. For 12 days, the defenders of the Alamo kept Santa Anna’s army at bay with rifle fire. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-14

Section Focus 2

Section Focus 2 (Answers)

The Battle of the Alamo (cont.) 4. On March 6, 1836, Mexican cannon fire smashed the Alamo’s walls, and the Mexicans launched an all-out attack.  5. Only a few women and children and some servants survived to tell of the battle.  6. The defenders of the Alamo had killed hundreds of Mexican soldiers, but more important, they had bought Texans some much needed time.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-15

C. Texas Declares Its Independence 1. During the siege of the Alamo, Texan leaders were meeting at Washington-on-the-Brazos, where they were drawing up a new constitution.  2. On March 2, 1836 –four days before the fall of the Alamo–American settlers and Tejanos declared the independence of the Republic of Texas. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-17

D. Sam Houston Leads the Fight 1. The provisional government of the new republic named Sam Houston as commander of the Texas forces.  2. At the battle of Goliad several hundred Texans surrendered but were later executed Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-18

E. The Battle of San Jacinto Houston moved his small army eastward, watching the movements of Santa Anna and waiting for a chance to strike.  On April 21 the Texans launched a surprise attack on the Mexican camp shouting, “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” They killed more than 600 soldiers and captured 700 more–including Santa Anna.  2. On May 14, 1836, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognized the independence of Texas Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-19

III. The Lone Star Republic 1. Texans elected Sam Houston as their president in September 1836.  2. He sent a delegation to Washington, D.C., asking the United States to annex– take control of–Texas.  3. President Jackson refused, because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance in Congress.  4. Fighting continued between Texas and Mexico because the Mexican government refused to honor Santa Anna’s recognition of independence. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-21

The Annexation Debate President Martin Van Buren put off the question of annexing Texas because he did not want to inflame the slavery issue or risk war with Mexico John Tyler, who became president in 1841, supported adding Texas to the Union and persuaded Texas to reapply for annexation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-22

IV. Texas Becomes a State 1. The 1844 Presidential campaign was won by Polk who supported the annexation of Teas.  2. Texas officially became a state of the United States on December 29, 1845,. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-24

Make a Graphic Novelette about the Battle of the Alamo Fold poster board into 8 sections. First page is the title of the “book”. The second page should be the “Table of Contents”. Six “chapters” to be included in the book. Content topics will be the details about the Alamo listed in chronological order. Following pages should correspond with Table of Content pages and include graphics that illustrate the Alamo along with captions that explain the scene. Pictures should be colored.