Genetics Transcription & Translation.

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Presentation transcript:

Genetics Transcription & Translation

Genetics 1800’s – Mendel showed traits are hereditary 1950’s – scientists showed genes are made of small segments of DNA 1953: Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize for their model of DNA

The Double Helix - DNA

DNA Replication Semi-conservative DNA unwinds, two sides split, new nucleotides are added DNA Polymerase proofreads. Why is this critical?

Differences in DNA Replication Eukaryotic cells can replicate their DNA faster than prokaryotes can. It takes ~8 hours for a cell to replicate its DNA in humans.

Gene Expression The manifestation of genes into specific traits Produces proteins by transcription and translation Central Dogma: DNA  RNA  Proteins

Part One: Transcription Nucleus mRNA is made from DNA *** RNA bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil ***

Part One: Transcription

Part Two: Translation Cytoplasm and ribosome Proteins are made from mRNA with the help of tRNA and rRNA

Part Two: Translation Does one gene code for one trait?

Codon vs. Anticodon What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon? How are codons and anticodons similar?