1960

http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/MERC_OV/10073402.htm JSC Digital Image Collection Press Release Images NASA Photo ID: S64-22331 File Name: 10073402.jpg Film Type: 4x5 Date Taken: 01/09/87 Title: Illustration of relative sizes of Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft Description: Artist concept illustrating the relative sizes of the one-man Mercury spacecraft, the two-man Gemini spacecraft, and the three-man Apollo spacecraft. Also shows line drawing of launch vehichles to show their relative size in relation to each other. Subject terms: APOLLO SPACECRAFT DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT GEMINI SPACECRAFT MERCURY SPACECRAFT REENTRY VEHICLES

http://www.apolloarchive.com/apollo_gallery.html KSC-68PC-327 Apollo 8 (SA-503) lifts off December 21, 1968

http://www.apolloarchive.com/apollo_archive.html Diagrams and maps Apollo Lunar Landing Sites

http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001316.html NASA Center: Johnson Space Center Image # : AS12-48-7136 Date : 11/20/1969 Conrad and Surveyor on the Slope of a Crater Full Description Charles Conrad Jr., Apollo 12 Commander, examines the unmanned Surveyor III spacecraft during the second extravehicular activity (EVA-2). The Lunar Module (LM) "Intrepid" is in the right background. This picture was taken by astronaut Alan L. Bean, Lunar Module pilot. The "Intrepid" landed on the Moon's Ocean of Storms only 600 feet from Surveyor III. The television camera and several other components were taken from Surveyor III and brought back to Earth for scientific analysis. Surveyor III soft-landed on the Moon on April 19, 1967. Keywords APOLLO 12 FLIGHT APOLLO PROJECT CRATERS LUNAR EXPLORATION LUNAR Reference Numbers Center: JSC Center Number: AS12-48-7136 GRIN DataBase Number: GPN-2000-001316 Source Information Creator/Photographer: NASA Alan L. Bean Original Source: DIGITAL

1970

http://www. hq. nasa. gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/ap16-s72-37002 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/ap16-s72-37002.jpg http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/images16.html#Crew S72-37002 (137k) Is a frame from the 16-mm movie record which shows John driving the Rover during the Grand Prix. The 16-mm record provided Rover engineers with detailed data on Rover performance in the lunar terrain, albeit with only one astronaut on-board. Smoky Mountain in on the horizon at the right side of the picture. Note that the Rover fenders are very effective in keeping dust from being thrown up onto the vehicle.

http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/AS16/10075857.htm NASA Photo ID: AS16-116-18653 File Name: 10075857.jpg Film Type: 70mm Date Taken: 02/23/72 Title: Astronaut Charles Duke stands at rock adjacent to "House Rock" Description: Astronaut Charles M. Duke Jr., Apollo 16 lunar module pilot, stands at a rock adjacent (south) to the huge "House Rock" (barely out of view at right edge). Note shadow at extreme right center where the two moon-exploring crewmen of the mission sampled what they referred to as the "eastwest split of House Rock" or the open space between this rock and "House Rock". Duke has a sample bag in his hand, and a lunar surface rake leans against the large boulder. Subject terms:

http://history.nasa.gov/SP-400/ch3.htm

http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/diagrams/skylab.html Skylab General Characteristics from "Skylab, Our First Space Station" (NASA SP-400, published 1977)

1980

http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/STS47/10064957.htm JSC Digital Image Collection Press Release Images NASA Photo ID: STS047-37-003 File Name: 10064957.jpg Film Type: 35mm Date Taken: 09/20/92 Title: STS-47 MS Jemison works in the Spacelab Japan (SLJ) module aboard OV-105 Description: STS-47 Mission Specialist (MS) Mae C. Jemison appears to be clicking her heels in zero gravity in the center aisle of the Spacelab Japan (SLJ) science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105. Making her first flight in space, Dr. Jemison was joined by five other NASA astronauts and a Japanese payload specialist for eight days of research in support of the SLJ mission, a joint effort between Japan and United States. Subject terms: ASTRONAUTS COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT CREW EXPERIMENT STATIONS CREW WORKSTATIONS CREWS ENDEAVOUR (ORBITER) HEADSETS ONBOARD ACTIVITIES SPACELAB STS-47

http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001422.html GRIN NASA Center: Johnson Space Center Image # : S86-38990 Date : 01/28/1986 Rampant Rocket Booster Full Description At about 76 seconds, fragments of the Orbiter can be seen tumbling against a background of fire, smoke and vaporized propellants from the External Tank. The left Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) flys rampant, still thrusting. The reddish-brown cloud envelops the disintergrating Orbiter. The color is indicative of the nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer propellant in the Orbiter Reaction Control System. On January 28, 1986 frigid overnight temperatures caused normally pliable rubber O-ring seals and putty that are designed to seal and establish joint integrity between the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) joint segments, to become hard and non- flexible. At the instant of SRB ignition, tremendous stresses and pressures occur within the SRB casing and especially at the joint attachment points. The failure of the O-rings and putty to "seat" properly at motor ignition, caused hot exhaust gases to blow by the seals and putty. During Challenger's ascent, this hot gas "blow by" ultimately cut a swath completely through the steel booster casing; and like a welder's torch, began cutting into the External Tank (ET). It is believed that the ET was compromised in several locations starting in the aft at the initial point where SRB joint failure occured. The ET hydrogen tank is believed to have been breached first, with continuous rapid incremental failure of both the ET and SRB. The chain reaction of events occurring in milliseconds culminated in a massive explosion. The orbiter Challenger was instantly ejected by the blast and went askew into the supersonic air flow. These aerodynamic forces caused structural shattering and complete destruction of the orbiter. Though it was concluded that the G-forces experienced during orbiter ejection and break-up were survivable, impact with the ocean surface was not. Tragically, all seven crewmembers perished. Keywords Challenger STS-51L Explosion Solid Rocket Booster External Tank Subject Category Space Shuttle, Reference Numbers Center: JSC Center Number: S86-38990 GRIN DataBase Number: GPN-2000-001422 Source Information Creator/Photographer: NASA Original Source: DIGITAL

1990

Hubble! http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001066.html GRIN NASA Center: Johnson Space Center Image # : STS082-709-097 Date : 02/19/1997 Hubble Redeployment Full Description Attached to the "robot arm" the Hubble Space Telescope is unberthed and lifted up into the sunlight during this the second servicing mission designated HST SM-02. Keywords STS-82 Discovery Payload Bay Hubble Space Telescope HST Remote Manipulator System RMS Canada Arm Subject Category Space Shuttle, Hubble, Reference Numbers Center: JSC Center Number: STS082-709-097 GRIN DataBase Number: GPN-2000-001066

http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001071.html NASA Center: Johnson Space Center Image # : STS071-S-075 Date : 06/29/1995 Atlantis Rendezvous with Mir Full Description A view of the Space Shuttle Atlantis approaching the Mir Russian Space Station for docking. This image was taken during the STS-71 mission by cosmonauts aboard their Soyuz TM transport vehicle. The scene is backdropped by the Earth's limb. Keywords STS-71 Atlantis Russian Mir Space Station Atlantis Soyuz TM Transport Vehicle Anatoliy Solovyev Nikolai Budarin Subject Category Space Shuttle, Shuttle-Mir, Reference Numbers Center: JSC Center Number: STS071-S-075 GRIN DataBase Number: GPN-2000-001071 Source Information Creator/Photographer: Unknown Original Source: DIGITAL

2000

http://Spaceflight. nasa http://Spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-97/html/s97e5010.html high res (0.7 M) low res (48 K) S97-E-5010 (2 December 2000) --- International Space Station (ISS), against darkness of space, photographed by STS-97 crew members onboard the approaching Space Shuttle Endeavour.

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-111/lores/sts111-711-005.jpg http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-111/html/sts111-711-005.html STS-111 Shuttle Mission Imagery high res (7.0 M) low res (265 K) STS111-711-005 (15 June 2002) --- Backdropped by a blue and white Earth, this view of the International Space Station (ISS) was photographed by a crewmember on board the Space Shuttle Endeavour following the undocking of the two spacecraft over western Kazakhstan. Endeavour pulled away from the complex at 9:32 a.m. (CDT) on June 15, 2002. The S0 (S-zero) Truss with the newly added Mobile Base System (MBS) is visible just below center frame.

www.caib.us – Final report. 

2005

2011

http://www.apolloarchive.com/apollo_archive.html Diagrams and maps Apollo Lunar Landing Sites

Moon base! http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/mars/lunarbases/html/s89_20084.html S89-20084 (July 1989)--- With a number of studies ongoing for possible lunar expeditions, many concepts for living and working on Earth's natural satellite have been examined. This art concept reflects the evaluation and study at JSC by the Man Systems Division and Johnson Engineering personnel. A sixteen-meter diameter inflatable habitat such as the one depicted here could accommodate the needs of a dozen astronauts living and working on the surface of the Moon. Depicted are astronauts exercising, a base operations center, a pressurized lunar rover, a small clean room, a fully equipped life sciences lab, a lunar lander, selenological work, hydroponic gardens, a wardroom, private crew quarters, dust-removing devices for lunar surface work and an airlock.

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/mars/lunaractivities/html/s99_04195.html S99-04195 (1995) --- (Artist's concept of possible exploration programs.) Just a few kilometers from the Apollo 17 Taurus Littrow landing site, a lunar mining facility harvests oxygen from the resource-rich volcanic soil of the eastern Mare Serenitatis. Here a marketing executive describes the high iron, aluminum, magnesium, and titanium content in the processed tailings, which could be used as raw material for a lunar metals production plant. This image produced for NASA by Pat Rawlings, (SAIC). Technical concepts for NASA's Exploration Office, Johnson Space Center (JSC). Note: NASA currently has no formal plans for a human expedition to Mars or the Moon. This image and others displayed may not reflect the hardware and overall concept of possible visits to either of those celestial bodies. However, the art work represented here serves as a comprehensive study of various concepts and ideas developed as possibilities over a period of years. The renderings were accomplished by NASA and/or NASA-commissioned artists.

2020

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/tiff/PIA03154.tif http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/PIAGenCatalogPage.pl?PIA03154 Hubble Captures Best View of Mars Ever Obtained from Earth Catalog #: PIA03154 Target Name: Mars Is a satellite of: Sol (our Sun) Mission: Hubble Space Telescope Spacecraft/Mission: Instrument: Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Product Size: 500 samples x 500 lines Produced By: SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE Producer ID: STSCI-PRC01-24 Creation Date: 2001-06-26 Primary Data Set: Space Telescope Science Institute Full-Res TIFF: PIA03154.tif (452 kbytes) Original Caption Released with Image: Frosty white water ice clouds and swirling orange dust storms above a vivid rusty landscape reveal Mars as a dynamic planet in this sharpest view ever obtained by an Earth-based telescope. NASA's Earth-orbiting Hubble Space Telescope took the picture on June 26, when Mars was approximately 43 million miles (68 million km) from Earth -- the closest Mars has ever been to Earth since 1988. Hubble can see details as small as 10 miles (16 km) across. The colors have been carefully balanced to give a realistic view of Mars' hues as they might appear through a telescope. Especially striking is the large amount of seasonal dust storm activity seen in this image. One large storm system is churning high above the northern polar cap [top of image], and a smaller dust storm cloud can be seen nearby. Another large dust storm is spilling out of the giant Hellas impact basin in the Southern Hemisphere [lower right]. Hubble has observed Mars before, but never in such detail. The biennial close approaches of Mars and Earth are not all the same. Mars' orbit around the Sun is markedly elliptical; the close approaches to Earth can range from 35 million to 63 million miles. Astronomers are interested in studying the changeable surface and weather conditions on Mars, in part, to help plan for a pair of NASA missions to land rovers on the planet's surface in 2004. The Mars opposition of 2001 serves as a prelude for 2003 when Mars and Earth will come within 35 million miles of each other, the closest since 1924 and not to be matched until 2287. Image Note: Image Credit: NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Acknowledgment: J. Bell (Cornell U.), P. James (U. Toledo), M. Wolff (Space Science Institute), A. Lubenow (STScI), J. Neubert (MIT/Cornell)

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/mars/marsvehicles/html/s93_45588.html S93-45588 (1993) --- (Artist's concept of possible exploration programs.) Systems to support the crew on Mars are delivered to the planet nearly 26 months prior to the first crew's arrival. The first elements delivered include the crew's ascent vehicle, which arrives with empty propellant tanks, propellant production equipment, and various surface habitation and exploration systems. These images produced for NASA by John Frassanito and Associates. Technical concepts from NASA's Planetary Projects Office, Johnson Space Center (JSC). Note: NASA currently has no formal plans for a human expedition to Mars or the Moon. This image and others displayed may not reflect the hardware and overall concept of possible visits to either of those celestial bodies. However, the art work represented here serves as a comprehensive study of various concepts and ideas developed as possibilities over a period of years. The renderings were accomplished by NASA and/or NASA-commissioned artists.

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/mars/marsvehicles/html/s93_50644.html S93-50644 (1993) --- (Artist's concept of possible exploration programs.) After spending nearly 500 days on Mars, the six crew members begin their 180 day voyage back to Earth by ascending into orbit to rendezvous with their Earth-return vehicle. Subsequent human missions have the option of returning to the site established by the first crew, or placing additional footholds on the surface of Mars. These images produced for NASA by John Frassanito and Associates. Technical concepts from NASA's Planetary Projects Office, Johnson Space Center (JSC).