Measuring population ageing: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Angela Y Chang, ScD, Prof Vegard F Skirbekk, PhD, Stefanos Tyrovolas,

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Measuring population ageing: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Angela Y Chang, ScD, Prof Vegard F Skirbekk, PhD, Stefanos Tyrovolas, PhD, Nicholas J Kassebaum, MD, Joseph L Dieleman, PhD The Lancet Public Health Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages e159-e167 (March 2019) DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30019-2 Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Age-standardised rate and proportion of all health burden among the adult population that is age related, by SDI quintile (A) and GBD super-region (B) in 2017 All burden is shown split into age-standardised age-related burden (per thousand adults; dark bars) and age-standardised non-age-related burden (light bars). The percentages given represent the proportion of age-related burden among all burden. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. SDI=Socio-demographic Index. The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e159-e167DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30019-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Comparing the equivalent ages to global average 65-year-olds across countries in 2017 The dashed line indicates global average 65-year-olds. Countries and territories are colour coded by their e. SDI=Socio-demographic Index. The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e159-e167DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30019-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Changes in age-standardised age-related burden rate between 1990 and 2017, by SDI (A) and GBD super-region (B) Percentage change between 1990 and 2017 is presented next to the arrows indicating direction of change. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. SDI=Socio-demographic Index. The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e159-e167DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30019-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Decomposition of age-related burden between 1990 and 2017, by SDI (A) and GBD super-region (B) The dashed line marks net effect (zero change in DALYs from 1990). DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. SDI=Socio-demographic Index. The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e159-e167DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30019-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Comparison of age-standardised cumulative rates of age-related deaths in Mexico, Thailand, and the USA (A) and China, South Africa, and Saudi Arabia (B) and the frontier countries, with comparison of the scaled age-standardised cumulative rate of age-related deaths (C) Cumulative death rates in panel C are scaled to a range of 0 to 1, using country-specific cumulative death rate at age group 80–84 years (the highest observed life expectancy) as the reference point. The frontier countries are Switzerland (ages 25–64 years and 70–84 years), South Korea (65–69 years), Singapore (85–89 years), and Kuwait (90 years and older). The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e159-e167DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30019-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions