Dr. Arthur Tabachneck Director, Data Management

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Presentation transcript:

Dr. Arthur Tabachneck Director, Data Management Look Both Ways Dr. Arthur Tabachneck Director, Data Management Note: program stolen from a SASOPEDIA article by Howard Schreier http://www.sascommunity.org/wiki/Look-Ahead_and_Look-Back

suppose you had the following data: data have; input ID $ Measure; cards; A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 ;

and you needed to have the following table: data need; input ID $ Measure Next_Measure Last_Measure; cards; A 11 12 . A 12 13 11 A 13 14 12 A 14 . 13 B 21 22 . B 22 23 21 B 23 . 22 ;

that is, with the following assignments made: ID Measure Next_Measure Last_Measure -- ------------ --------------------- -------------------- A 11 12 . A 12 13 11 A 13 14 12 A 14 . 13 B 21 22 . B 22 23 21 B 23 . 22

that is, with the following assignments made: ID Measure Next_Measure Last_Measure -- ------------ --------------------- -------------------- A 11 12 . A 12 13 11 A 13 14 12 A 14 13 B 21 22 . B 22 23 21 B 23 22

that is, with the following assignments made: ID Measure Next_Measure Last_Measure -- ------------ --------------------- -------------------- A 11 12 A 12 13 11 A 13 14 12 A 14 . 13 B 21 22 B 22 23 21 B 23 . 22

a data step solution data need; set have; by ID; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #1: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 11 1 0 . . 0 1 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #1: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 11 1 0 12 . 0 1 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #1: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 11 1 0 12 . 0 1 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #2: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 12 0 0 12 . 0 2 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #2: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 12 0 0 13 . 0 2 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #2: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 12 0 0 13 11 0 2 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #3: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 13 0 0 13 11 0 3 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #3: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 13 0 0 14 11 0 3 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #3: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 13 0 0 14 12 0 3 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #4: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 14 0 1 14 12 0 4 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #4: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 14 0 1 21 12 0 4 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #4: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ A 14 0 1 . 13 0 4 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #5: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 21 1 0 . 13 0 5 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #5: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 21 1 0 22 . 0 5 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #5: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 21 1 0 22 . 0 5 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #6: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 22 0 0 22 . 0 6 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #6: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 22 0 0 23 21 0 6 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #6: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 22 0 0 23 21 0 6 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #7: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 23 0 1 23 21 0 7 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #7: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 23 0 1 11 22 0 7 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

Why it works: Under the hood-Iteration #7: ID Measure FIRST.ID LAST.ID Next_Measure Last_Measure _ERROR_ _N_ B 23 0 1 . 22 0 7 PDV ID Measure -- ------------ A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 B 21 B 22 B 23 data need; set have; by ID; PutLog _all_ ; set have ( firstobs = 2 keep = Measure rename = (Measure = Next_Measure) ) have ( obs = 1 drop = _all_); Last_Measure = ifn( first.ID, (.), lag(Measure) ); Next_Measure = ifn( last.ID, (.), Next_Measure ); run;

ending up with the following table ID Measure Next_Measure Last_Measure -- ------------ --------------------- -------------------- A 11 12 . A 12 13 11 A 13 14 12 A 14 . 13 B 21 22 . B 22 23 21 B 23 . 22

Questions? Your comments and questions are valued and encouraged. Contact the author: Dr. Arthur Tabachneck Director, Data Management Insurance Bureau of Canada Toronto, Ontario L3T 5K9 Email: atabachneck@ibc.ca