Bellringer How did the United States govern Cuba and Puerto Rico? Cuba—Platt Amendment made it a US protectorate; Puerto Rico—governed as a territory; Foraker Act allowed US to appoint governor and upper house of legislature; gave US citizenship to Puerto Ricans. Bellringer Create shorter route between Atlantic and Pacific; Started by French company, finished by US with 44,000 workers, 60 giant steam shovels, Stevens as Chief. How did the United States govern Cuba and Puerto Rico? Why and how was the Panama Canal built? What was the Roosevelt Corollary? How did Presidents Taft and Wilson reshape U.S. diplomacy? Doctrine that threatened use of US military force to prohibit further European involvement in Latin America. Taft—used economic power; Wilson—tried to nurture constitutional governments, used military force when needed.

Chapter 17: Sections 3 & 4 Roosevelt and Latin America Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick; You Will Go Far-- Theodore Roosevelt Chapter 17: Sections 3 & 4 Roosevelt and Latin America

America Bullies Latin America Cuba: The Platt Amendment to the Cuban Constitution limited signing treaties, gave the U.S. the right to intervene in domestic affairs, and gave the U.S. right to buy land (Gitmo) Puerto Rico is an American commonwealth or territory. Its people are citizens of the United States Panama revolutionaries declare independence with U.S.S. Nashville and Marines “observing”…The Panama Canal can begin

Oceans Connect in Swamps of Panama 1902 U.S. buys French rights and equipment to project U.S. helps Panamanian independence from Columbia in return for 10-mile wide canal zone control French canal builders suffered 22,000 deaths in construction to disease and accidents American builders had 5,500 deaths even with advances in hygiene and mosquito control

Pana-mania Up to 44,000 people worked on the canal at one time Canal completed in 1914, two years ahead of schedule Today it costs an average of $54,000 to pass through the canal Pres. Carter signed treaty giving gradual control back to Panama in 1977. Canal Zone must remain neutral U.S. can come back at anytime to defend canal Panama had full control in 1999

Monroe Doctrine 1823 European Powers could not interfere with countries in the Western Hemisphere Mostly an empty threat, the U.S. had a small navy and no interest in foreign wars Roosevelt Corollary U.S. would take police action to stabilize Latin American countries and use military force to keep European countries from interfering Dollar Diplomacy Gov’t promoted U.S. business investment and loans in Latin America to keep out European money

Viva la Revolución Porifirio Diaz rules as Mexican Dictator Mexico modernizes with American investment, but wealth is concentrated in Mexican elite Francisco Madero challenges Diaz and is sent to jail 1910 Madero flees to Texas and declares himself President of Mexico Madero gains control of gov’t Victoriano Huerta, who controlled the army, had Madero executed Mexico explodes with rival armies vying for power

Woodrow Wilson jumps in the Mexican Quagmire Tampico Incident U.S. demands salute for detainment of sailors Battle of Veracruz Marines occupy city for 6 months Heurta resigns and WW supports Carranza

Pancho Villa Invades New Mexico Villa invades Columbus, NM, burns town, and kills 17 Pres. WW sends Gen. Pershing and 10,000 troops into Mexico 11 month wander and Pershing never captures Villa

Essay Outline Why did the United States become an imperialistic nation? Social Reasons “White Man’s Burden” Prestige Economic Reasons Develop markets Procure raw materials Secure trade routes Military Reasons National Security International Security Coaling Stations Naval Bases Pacific: Hawaii, Midway, Guam, Philippines Atlantic: Guantanamo Bay, Puerto Rico, Panama Canal