Volume 61, Issue 3, Pages (March 2002)

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Volume 61, Issue 3, Pages 1040-1046 (March 2002) Betaine supplementation decreases post-methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure David O. Mcgregor, Warwick J. Dellow, Richard A. Robson, Michael Lever, Peter M. George, Stephen T. Chambers Kidney International Volume 61, Issue 3, Pages 1040-1046 (March 2002) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x Copyright © 2002 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Fasting and post-methionine plasma homocysteine concentrations with treatment A (folate/B6/betaine) and treatment B (folate/B6 only), in group 1 (A;N = 19) and group 2 (B;N = 17). Data are mean ± SEM. aP < 0.001 for post-methionine tHcy vs. baseline and vs. treatment B; bP < 0.001 for post-methionine tHcy vs. baseline and vs. treatment A; cP < 0.001 for fasting tHcy on both treatments vs. baseline. ▪ represents fasting plasma tHcy concentrations. Kidney International 2002 61, 1040-1046DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x) Copyright © 2002 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Plasma and urine concentrations of glycine betaine (GB) and dimethylglycine (DMG) in group 1 (•;N = 19) and group 2 (○;N = 17). The increases with treatment A were highly significant: aP < 0.001 for plasma GB and DMG; bP < 0.005 for urine GB; cP < 0.01 for urine DMG. Kidney International 2002 61, 1040-1046DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x) Copyright © 2002 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Betaine-homocysteine methyl transferase (BHMT) metabolic pathway. Glycine betaine (GB) is obtained from the diet or by conversion of dietary choline. BHMT transfers a methyl group from GB to homocysteine, producing methionine and N,N-dimethylglycine, which is excreted in urine or metabolized to sarcosine by dimethylglycine dehydrogenase. Abbreviations are: CBS, cystathionine β-synthetase; MTHFR, N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Kidney International 2002 61, 1040-1046DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x) Copyright © 2002 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions