Chapter 5: a closer look at matter

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5: a closer look at matter The nuclear atom Chapter 5: a closer look at matter

Essential questions What is the atomic theory? How do electrons orbit around the nucleus? How does truth in science change over time? Assessment: Presentation & Test

Where do elements come from? Atoms in your body are nearly 14 billion years old Every single atom in your body was created in a star billions of years ago Young star is made up of hydrogen. Other elements created via thermonuclear reactions. You are made of stardust! What kind of atoms make up your body? 118 elements on the periodic table.

And… you continue to regenerate! How many time have you shed your skin? Number of times you have changed your skin = Your age x 365 + number of days since your last birthday 28 Skin is largely made up of keratin Membrane: Phospholipid bilayer

Review: Inside an atom Proton = positively charged subatomic particle Neutron = subatomic particle with mass equal to proton but no electric charge Nucleus = center of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons Electron = negatively charged particle Electron cloud = space around the nucleus of an atom where atom’s electrons are found Manipulate atom: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSCX78-8-q0 Particle Charge Mass in grams Proton +1 1.67 x 10-24 Neutron Electron -1 9.11 x 10-28

Inside an atom – Particle physics Quarks and leptons are families of particles (6 members in each family) Quarks have fractional charges (e.g. +2/3) and leptons have integer charges (e.g. -1) Atomic structure Proton: composed of quark Electron: composed of leptons Neutron: composed of quark

The rule for finding out the number of protons, neutrons, electrons Atomic number = number of protons, number of electrons (if neutral) Mass number = number of protons and neutrons

Ions An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Isotopes Isotopes = have nucleus with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons Therefore, isotopes have different mass numbers Combination of isotopes make up the average atomic mass that you see on the periodic table Unstable atoms are radioactive, nucleus can decay or change by emitting radiation

Examples Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Symbol Ca N S Ba +2 F -1 -3 K 20 21