There is a LOT of vocabulary in this unit! Solutions There is a LOT of vocabulary in this unit!

OUTCOME QUESTION(S): C11-4-03 DISSOVING PROCESS Vocabulary & Concepts Describe and give examples of various types of solutions. Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible Describe the chemical structure of compounds in terms of electronegativity and polarity of bonds. Include: polar and non-polar Explain the solution process of simple ionic and covalent compounds, using visual, particulate representation and chemical equations Include: hydration, heat of solution, dissolve, dissociate Vocabulary & Concepts  Pure Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Solutions are a type of mixture

“Suspended” particles will settle out if left undisturbed 1. Heterogeneous mixtures Uneven distribution – Not dissolved Particles in mixture can be identified Sand and water Salt and pepper Any precipitate 1a. Suspension Heterogenous mix of solid particles in liquid Use filters to separate components “Suspended” particles will settle out if left undisturbed

Emulsions will eventually separate if left undisturbed too 1b. Emulsion Heterogeneous mix of two or more liquids More difficult to separate physically Emulsions will eventually separate if left undisturbed too

Solution are the most common type of homogeneous mixture 2. Homogeneous mixtures Particles are evenly distributed – Dissolved Difficult to see and separate Salt in water Coke Coffee 2a. Solution Homogeneous mix where all substances are dissolved as individual molecules or ions Solutions cannot be filtered, do not settle out Solution are the most common type of homogeneous mixture

A solution is made up of solute and solvent: Solvent: substance that does the dissolving. Solute: the dissolved substance. Solutions with water as the solvent are known as aqueous solutions (aq) In a mixture of same states (liquids or gasses), the solvent is the substance present in the larger amount

Mix of larger solid particles in liquid 2b. Colloid Mix of larger solid particles in liquid Difficult to filtered, and does not settle out Often opaque or translucent (not clear) Light reflects off particles becoming visible – Tyndall Effect Colloid particles are larger than in solutions and are not technically “dissolved”: Blood Milk Whip cream Mayonnaise Gels

(malleability, density, strength and rust resistance…) 2c. Alloy Solutions of two or more metals Mixed to take advantage of specific properties (malleability, density, strength and rust resistance…) Steel - iron and carbon - stronger Brass - copper and zinc - stronger Bronze - copper and tin - stronger Stainless steel - steel w/ chromium – no rust “Gold” - gold and copper - harder

The ability for a given substance (solute), to dissolve in a solvent. Solubility: The ability for a given substance (solute), to dissolve in a solvent. Soluble – solid dissolves in solvent Insoluble – solid does not dissolve in solvent The terms soluble and insoluble are relative terms – it depends on what is being compared soluble insoluble solute ?

Miscible – liquids dissolve in each other Immiscible – liquids do not dissolve All gas mixtures are homogeneous… All gas mixtures are solutions

The word choice helps describe the situation… Mixtures suspension insoluble solution/colloid (homogeneous) solid liquid soluble (heterogeneous) (dissolve) emulsion immiscible miscible liquid solution (homogeneous) (heterogeneous) (dissolve) alloy (homogeneous) metal soluble (dissolve) solution (homogeneous) gas soluble (dissolve) The word choice helps describe the situation…

Ca(NO3)2 (s) ethanol (l) Calcium nitrate is soluble in ethanol – this creates a homogeneous solution. octane (l) ethanol (l) Octane is immiscible in ethanol – this creates a heterogeneous emulsion.

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? C11-4-03 DISSOVING PROCESS Vocabulary & Concepts Describe and give examples of various types of solutions. Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible Describe the chemical structure of compounds in terms of electronegativity and polarity of bonds. Include: polar and non-polar Explain the solution process of simple ionic and covalent compounds, using visual, particulate representation and chemical equations Include: hydration, heat of solution, dissolve, dissociate Vocabulary & Concepts  Pure Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous