Good morning. Please put 2. 4 on my desk…make sure your name is on it Good morning! Please put 2.4 on my desk…make sure your name is on it. If you didn’t finish it, I don’t want excuses…just finish it tonight. Take out Contagion notes

Migration Salinas, CA Haitian Refugees

KEY ISSUES Why do people migrate? Where are migrants distributed? Why do migrants face obstacles? Why do people migrate within a country? KEY ISSUES

Migration: change in residence that is intended to be permanent Emigration: migration FROM a location Immigration: migration TO a location Net migration: difference between the # IMMIGRANTS and the # of EMIGRANTS Net in-migration: immigrants > emigrants Net out-migration: immigrants < emigrants

Major International Migration Patterns, Early 1990s Why do people migrate? Emigration and immigration Change in residence. Relative to origin and destination. Major International Migration Patterns, Early 1990s Slide graphic courtesy of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Hofstra University

Types of Migration 2 Types International: one country to another Primarily a phenomena in Stage 2 Demographic transition countries 2 Types VOLUNTARY MIGRATION: chose to leave, usually for a good reason, not life or death FORCED MIGRATION: see no other choice but to leave

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Voluntary migration The migrant makes the decision to move. Most migration is voluntary. CHAIN MIGRATION: movement because a family member has already migrated to an area “person follows someone else to a place” Forced Migration Involuntary migration in which the mover has no role in the decision-making process, or fears for their life. Slavery. About 11 million African slaves were brought to the Americas between 1519 and 1867. In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in the United States. Refugees. Military conscription. Children of migrants. Situations of divorce or separation (Reluctant Migration)

Voluntary African-American Migrations Great Migration: Black population moved to Industrial Belt (i.e., Chicago, New York, Detroit) and Los Angeles during World Wars (labor shortages).

Key Term: Forced Migration

Forced Migration The Trail of Tears, 1838

Temporary Migration Periodic—Temporary or recurrent relocation (college, military service, etc.) Transhumance—seasonal migration involving farmers (pastoralists) and their cattle Nomadism—movement among a definite set of places (cyclic)—way of life forced by scarcity of resources

Types of Migration Circular migration A type of temporary migration. Fall / Winter Spring Summer Types of Migration Circular migration A type of temporary migration. Associated with agricultural work. The migrant follows the harvest of various crops, moving from one place to another each time. Very common in the US Southwest (Mexican farm workers) and in Western Europe (Eastern European farm workers).

Life Course Migration Movement because of a transitional stage in life.

PUSH/PULL FACTORS PUSH: induces people to leave their present location PULL: induces people to come to a new location Can be ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC What are some push/pull factors? Any personal examples in your family?

World Migration Routes Since 1700 Source: adapted from Getis et al. (1991) “Introduction to Geography”. 3rd edition. European African (slaves) Indian Chinese Japanese Majority of population descended from immigrants Slide graphic courtesy of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Hofstra University

Ravenstein’s Theories of Migration…8 patterns identified Most migrants go a short distance, within same country…DISTANCE DECAY Long distance migrants head for major centers of economic activity…URBAN AREAS Gravity Model of Migration…migrants will settle in the closest large community (Cubans to Miami) Step Migration…most migrants move in a process, small town > larger town > small city > large city

Ravenstein’s Theories of Migration…8 patterns identified 5. Most migrants go from RURAL TO URBAN AREAS, this happens both internally and internationally 6. COUNTER MIGRATION OR RETURN MIGRATION: migration in the opposite direction, typical of retirement 7. YOUNG ADULTS 20-45 are most likely migrants 8. INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS ARE MALE (work) …INTERNAL MIGRANTS TEND TO BE FEMALE (marriage)