Degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and pain/disability in dogs following destabilization or articular cartilage grooving of the stifle joint  L.N.

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Degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and pain/disability in dogs following destabilization or articular cartilage grooving of the stifle joint  L.N. Frost-Christensen, D.V.M., S.C. Mastbergen, Ph.D., M.E. Vianen, B.Sc., A. Hartog, J. DeGroot, Ph.D., G. Voorhout, A.M.C. van Wees, F.P.J.G. Lafeber, Ph.D., H.A.W. Hazewinkel, D.V.M., Ph.D.  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  Volume 16, Issue 11, Pages 1327-1335 (November 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.013 Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Mean overall osteophyte formation scores (±s.e.m.) over time from the predefined locations on the medio-lateral view (black and hatched) and the posterior–anterior (grey and white) view, for the ACLT–MX- (black and grey bars) and the Groove-model (hatched and white bars). There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the overall osteophyte score from week 4 till week 12 in the Groove-model and from week 0 till week 12 for the ACLT–MX-model. The ACLT–MX-model had at all time points a significant (P<0.05) higher score than the Groove-model. No osteophytes were found in control joints at any time of the study (not shown). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 1327-1335DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.013) Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Percentage difference from the baseline of the peak GRFs: braking (A), vertical stance (B) and propelling forces (C) of the hind legs in dogs of the ACLT–MX- and the Groove-model. Mean values (±s.e.m.) are given. Asterisk indicates significant (P<0.05) difference from the baseline value for each leg individually. For the experimental joints the ACLT–MX-model was at all time points statistically significant (P<0.05) different from the Groove-model. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 1327-1335DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.013) Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Cartilage integrity in ACLT–MX- and Groove-model. Mean values (±s.e.m.) of the absolute change (Δ) are given for cartilage macroscopic (A) and histologic (B) scores and the percentage change (%) of the control joint for the proteoglycan content (C) for the femoral condyles and tibial plateau. Changes for both models, the ACLT–MX- (light grey) and the Groove-model (dark grey) are depicted. Asterisk indicates a significant (P<0.05) difference between the experimental joint and the contra-lateral control joint. P Values for the difference between the ACLT–MX- and the Groove-model are given in the figure. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 1327-1335DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.013) Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Chondrocyte activity in ACLT–MX- and Groove-model. Mean values (±s.e.m.) of the percentage change (%) of the control joint are given for proteoglycan synthesis (A) and percentage of total proteoglycan release (B) for the femoral condyles and tibial plateau in the ACLT–MX- (light grey) and the Groove-model (dark grey). Asterisk indicates a significant (P<0.05) difference between the experimental joint and the contra-lateral control joint. P Values for the difference between the ACLT–MX- and the Groove-model are given in the figure. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 1327-1335DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.013) Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Inflammatory response in ACLT–MX- and Groove-model. Mean values (±s.e.m.) of the absolute change (Δ) are given for macroscopic (A) and histological (B) scores of the synovial membrane for the femoral condyles and tibial plateau in the ACLT–MX- (light grey) and the Groove-model (dark grey). Asterisk indicates a significant (P<0.05) difference between the experimental joint and the contra-lateral control joint. P Values for the difference between the ACLT–MX- and the Groove-model are given in the figure. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 1327-1335DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.013) Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions