Effects of Motion and Gravity

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Presentation transcript:

Effects of Motion and Gravity GAVRT Chapter 5

Doppler Effect Apparent change in frequency and wavelength due to relative motion between wave source and receiver No change in speed of wave Frequency constantly higher as objects approach and lower as recede from one another Hewitt diagram or page 43 of text

Red and Blue Shifts Spectral lines shift due to relative motion between source and Earth. Shift indicates direction of source relative to Earth Blue shift means object is approaching Earth Red shift means object is receding from Earth (most objects) Hubble constant allows us to relate the red shift of an object to its distance. Depends on observation that further objects are moving faster Current estimates of constant 60-80 km/s/per million parsecs

Gravitational Effects Gravity can lengthen wavelength of radio emissions mimicing Doppler shift Gravitational lensing causes light to bend around massive object producing multiple images of otherwise hidden object Lens diagram on page 45 Photograph of gravitational lens galaxy

Superluminal Velocities Some quasars appear to move faster than speed of light Explanation is that speed is a projection effect of quasar traveling at an acute angle to us Diagram on page 46

Occultations When one celestial body passes by another Examples Spectroscopic studies of occultations allow for the examination of an objects atmosphere