Landscape Development

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Presentation transcript:

Landscape Development

THE SHAPE OF A LANDSCAPE IS ALSO KNOWN AS IT’S TOPOGRAPHY

What factors influence the type of landscape that will develop? Uplifting forces converging tectonic plates create mountains Leveling forces Gravity, weathering and erosion Dynamic equilibrium exists when these two forces occur at equal rates.

A Landscape results from the opposing forces of: UPLIFT EROSION (LEVELING)

IF UPLIFTING FORCES HAVE BEEN DOMINANT THE LANDSCAPE WILL BE MOUNTAINOUS

IF LEVELING FORCES (EROSION) HAVE BEEN DOMINANT THE LANDSCAPE WILL BE: PLAINS (FLAT) PLATEAU

THE PRIMARY LEVELING FORCE IS EROSION BY RUNNING WATER

Topography Depends on Several Factors: Climate Local bedrock Moisture and temperature Composition of rocks

The general shape of a region Types of Landscapes in New York Mountains Plateaus Plains

MOUNTAIN

HIGH PEAKS AND DEEP VALLEYS (result of converging plate boundaries) STEEP SLOPES STEEP STREAM GRADIENTS

4. IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK 5. FOLDED/FAULTED/ TILTED ROCK

Adirondack Mountains – N.Y.

Folded bedrock

Layers of rock are folded and tilted (they are not horizontal anymore) Folding is part of the mountain building process Layers of rock are folded and tilted (they are not horizontal anymore)

PLATEAU

FLAT OR ROLLING HILLS DEEP CUT STREAM VALLEYS HORIZONTAL LAYERS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK LOW ELEVATIONS ARE FLAT

Mesa

Notice the horizontal sedimentary layers of rock in a plateau!

A waterfall in the Catskills – a plateau that has been shaped by water.

PLAINS

MOSTLY FLAT- FEW HILLS HORIZONTAL SEDIMENTARY LAYERS MEANDERING STREAMS

Coastal Plains

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON LANDSCAPE: HUMID ARID STEEP SLOPE GENTLE SLOPE ROCKY SOIL FERTILE SOIL WEATHERING PHYSICAL DUE TO ABRASION CHEMICAL DUE TO INCREASED AMOUNTS OF MOISTURE WEATHERING

Humid Climate Arid Climate