LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS FOR CAMBODIA Student Number: 3650440 BDC332 practical Faculty bsC November 2018 Please use this template to answer your Practical Exam Question. Ensure you have YOUR STUDENT NUMBER on the Title Page and this PowerPoint file is renamed to reflect your student number and the country you analysed. The completed PowerPoint needs to be put onto a computer and you attach your name to the computer. The data includes that downloaded from IUCN Red Data List, DIVA GIS, WWF Ecoregions, Protected Planet, and ESRI. You may add images but please credit/attribute them using an in-text numbering system and a reference list on the final page. BCB/ESS Kingdom of Cambodia

Introduction location Figure 1: A map of Cambodia and its neighbouring countries (Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam) that includes their individual capital cities Introduction Prepare a location map using your GIS with a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a figure caption. Your map should include neighbouring countries and their Capital cities. please include an overview map.

Biodiversity description andthreats SPECIES >8000 species (212 mammal species, 536 bird species, 176 reptile species, 850 freshwater fish species and 435 marine fish species) ENDANGERED SPECIES 16 globally endangered species (eg. the Asian elephant, Siamese crocodile, wild water buffalo, and the Germain's silver langur) THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY deforestation, habitat destruction, poaching, the illegal wildlife trade, farming, fishing, and forestry concessions, mining activities, and unregulated hunting Introduction Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

Cambodia is dedicated to try and conserve its biodiversity with organizations such as: Wildlife conservation organizations Conservation International, World Wildlife Fund, Wildlife Conservation Society, Fauna and Flora International, BirdLife International, Wildlife Alliance etc.

CURRENT PROTECTED AREAS Figure 2: Map of the current protected areas distributed within the country of Cambodia Methods Prepare a map of the current Protected Areas Network. The prepared map should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Figure 3: Species distribution map of Chiromantis samokosensis within Cambodia Methods Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10 Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS CONTINUED… Figure 4: Species distribution map of Enhydris longicauda within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 5: Species distribution of Garrulax ferrarius within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 6: Species Distribution map of Hylarana faber within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 7: Species distribution map of Leptolalax melicus in Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 8: Species Distribution map of Megophrys auralensis within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 9: Species distribution map of Megophrys clamrei within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 10: Species distribution map of Ophryophyrne synoria within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 11: Species distribution map of Orthotomus chaktomuk within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

Figure 12: Species Distribution map of Philautus cardamonous within Cambodia Species Penalty Factor (SPF): 10

CONSERVATION planning units (ecological) Figure 13: Ecological Planning Unit for the country of Cambodia PREPARATION: Go to watersheds option in Idrisi 32bit Insert msk_alt file Area Threshold: 400 Overlay to obtain country shape Open Arcview GIS Insert watersheds and terrestrial ecoregions shp.file Go to geoprocessing: intersect the two files Save in project folder Import into Idrisi and convert to raster Methods Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

CONSERVATION planning units (Systematic) Figure 14: Systematic Planning Unit of the country Cambodia PREPARATION: Open Arcview GIS Add adm0 layer Go to extension, select repeating shapes and click on honeycomb icon on the panel Select the adm0 Click next Select “use all records” and click ok Select Hexagons and click next Area of 0.015 worked best Produced an unique id of 1127 Save hexagon file into project folder Import into Idrisi 32bit and covert to raster Methods Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION planning tenure Evaluating Protected areas Figure 15: Conservation Planning Tenures Map showing the existing Protected Area Network within Cambodia The protected areas in Cambodia total more than 7 million hectares. Around 40 % of the country’s land area falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment. Methods Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the efficiency of the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan Figure 16: The current protected area network within Cambodia which includes the areas that may need to be conserved where human development (eg. Roads and rails) has not taken place Methods Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the complement (what needs to be added) to the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan Identify Goals and objectives Compile Data Identify and Involve stakeholders Establish conservation Targets and design principles Methods Maintain and Monitor the Protected area network Select new protected areas Implement conservation action Review existing Protected areas And identify network gaps Use this slide and simple drawings or flow diagrams to explain the core concepts of MARXAN. You should not use the IDRISI dialogue boxes. Ensure you use proper annotation and include a descriptive caption. Figure 17: Flow chart showing core concepts of systematic planning in MARXAN

Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan MARXAN INPUT AND OUTPUT Planning unit layer: hexagon of country Add raster group of your conservation target Select target percentage Penalty factor (spf): 10 Auto fill spec.type Enable planning unit layer (tenure + transformed layer) Boundary length file enabled Output prefix is marxan conservation % Click Continue Methods In summarized point form describe the parameter options you should select for the final RUN of the MARXAN analysis. You may use dialogue boxes to explain this section. (You do not need to run MARXAN as it would take too long to do the runs).

MARXAN PARAMETERS EXPLAINING MARXAN CONTINUES… Marxan parameters Boundary length modifier: 2 Repeat runs: 1000 Species missing if proportion of target lower than: 0.95 Run mode: Apply simulated annealing followed by iterative improvement Annealing controls Number of iterations: 10 000 Temperature decreases: 1000 Iterative improvement type: normal iterative improvement

Cost threshold Threshold Enabled Threshold: 1600 Penalty factor A: 9 Penalty factor B: 2 Starting proportion is 0 Then click RUN MARXAN

Expected Results Systematic CONSERVATION planning Figure 18: An example of a diagram that is able to be produced with results obtained from MARXAN using the country of Thailand EXPECTED MARXAN RESULTS Indication of how many targets out of total targets used were achieved Shows areas still needed to be protected Indicates areas that could possibly be protected in the future Expected Results Explain using Diagrams the results you would expect to obtain from MARXAN. They do not need to be the actual results rather the form of the MARXAN outputs you would expect. You may use more than one slide to prepare this section.

Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements Written and created by Micaela Adams SOURCES OF DATA AND APPLICATIONS USED TO GENERATE MAPS DIVA GIS IDRISI 32BIT ARCVIEW GIS PROTECTED PLANET: www.protectedplanet.net IUCN References Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.

Literature credits: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cambodia https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/protected-areas/ http://pacmara.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Marxan-Good-Practices-Handbook-v2- 2010.pdf