Why did making peace almost end in a fight? They disagreed over what to do with the Rhineland and Saarland – Wilson eventually had to give in Clemenceau and Lloyd-George clashed – Clemenceau believed that Lloyd-George was only looking out for his own interests Wilson and Lloyd-George clashed. Lloyd-George did not want all nations to have access to the seas or for countries to rule themselves – it threatened the Empire Clemenceau resented Wilson’s more generous attitude to Germany The very different objectives of the three leaders could not all be met

League of Nations Army restrictions Territorial changes War Guilt T R A W L Army restrictions Territorial changes War Guilt Reparations

Territorial changes The Treaty took away Germany’s overseas empire Former German colonies became MANDATES (a member of the League runs the colony on behalf of the League) controlled by the League of Nations – this normally ended up being France or Britain Germany forbidden to join together with its former ally Austria (Ban-Anschluss) Saarland run by the League for 15 years Rhineland became a demilitarised zone North Schleswig given to Denmark after a vote (plebiscite) Danzig (free city) run by League of Nations – this gave Poland a sea port Part of East Prussia was given to Lithuania Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia became independent states (Germany had taken these states from Russia in 1918) West Prussia and Posen were given to Poland Upper Silesia was given to Poland Alsace-Lorraine was given to France Togoland and Cameroon (Africa) – run by Britain and France German South West Africa – given to South Africa German East Africa – given to Britain New Guinea went to Australia Samoa went to New Zealand The Marshall, Mariana and Caroline Islands went to Japan

Army restrictions The army was limited to 100,000 men Conscription was banned – all soldiers had to be volunteers Germany was not allowed armoured vehicles, submarines or aircraft The navy could build only six battleships The Rhineland became a demilitarised zone – no German troops were allowed in that area. It was the border between France and Germany

War guilt The War Guilt Clause was simple but was seen by the Germans as extremely harsh. Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war By accepting this, Germany accepted all the punishment

Reparations The major powers agreed that Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies for the damage caused by the war Germany was not consulted about this In 1921, the amount was set at £6,600 million – an enormous figure This would have taken Germany until 1984 to pay off (in instalments)

League of Nations The League of Nations (a forerunner to the United Nations) was set up .It’s aim was to promote diplomacy and discussion between countries to solve their problems at regular conferences, rather than resorting to war Neither Germany nor Communist Russia were invited to join The USA did not participate, despite it being the idea of President Wilson

Main terms: The Covenant of the League of Nations - Germany was not allowed to join. The Rhineland was demilitarised - the German army was not allowed to go there. The Saar, with its rich coalfields, given to France for 15 years. Alsace-Lorraine returned to France. Germany forbidden to unite with Austria. Lands in eastern Germany - the rich farmlands of Posen and the Polish corridor between Germany and East Prussia - given to Poland. Danzig made a free city under League of Nations control. All Germany's colonies taken and given to France and Britain as 'mandates'. The German army restricted to 100,000 men. The German navy restricted to six battleships and no submarines. Germany not allowed to have an air force. Germany was responsible for causing all the loss and damage caused by the war. Germany would have to pay reparations, to be decided later - eventually set at 132 billion gold marks.