Solubility Notes.

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Presentation transcript:

Solubility Notes

Solutions SPS6. Students will investigate the properties of solutions. a. Describe solutions in terms of solute/solvent conductivity concentration b. Observe factors affecting the rate a solute dissolves in a specific solvent. c. Demonstrate that solubility is related to temperature by constructing a solubility curve.

Solution A mixture that is homogeneous on the molecular level. Example Salt water Gold jewelry Cola

Solubility Rate Method to increase solubility Rate Why does this make the solute dissolve faster Stir Increases the collision between solute and solvent molecules. Heat solvent Increases the molecular motion of the solvent molecules which increase the collisions between the solvent and solute molecules. Crush solute Allows the solvent to reach all of the solute molecules because the surface to volume ratio of the solute has been increased.

Solute The part that is dissolved in the solvent and is normally the smallest part of the solution. Example Salt in salt water

Solvent The part of the solution that does the dissolving, normally the largest part of a solution. Example Water in salt water

Conductivity The ability of a solution to conduct electricity. A solution with a ionic solute will conduct. Examples Salt water will conduct because it separates into ions. Ethanol dissolved in water will not conduct

Concentration A measure of how much solute is dissolved in the solvent. Example How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

Saturated A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved. If more solute is added, it will sit as crystals on the bottom of the container. Example Carbonated water Sugar Kool-aid

Unsaturated A solution can have solute added and dissolved because the solute concentration is lower than its equilibrium. Example Kool-aid that is not sweet Tea that is not sweet enough

Supersaturated A solution that contains more solute than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances. Example Kool-Aid with sugar at the bottom This is how rock candy is made

How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water. Solutions Review Term Definition Example Solute The part of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent which is normally the smallest part of the solution. Salt in salt water CO2 in cola Solvent The part of the solution that does the dissolving, normally the largest part of a solution. Water in salt water Water in cola Conductivity The ability of a solution to conduct electricity. A solution with a ionic solute will conduct. Salt water will conduct Ethanol dissolved in water will not conduct Concentration A measure of how much solute is dissolved in the solvent. How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

Solubility Curve

Solubility Curve What is the solubility of NaNO3 at 10⁰C and 22⁰C? What happens to the solubility as the temperature increases? What affect does the temperature have on the solubility of most solutes?