Greeks Romans Renaissance Reformation England Enlightenment European Influences…. Greeks Romans Renaissance Reformation England Enlightenment
Greeks Ancient Greeks Greeks made law a clearly human institutions. Before the Greeks most people believed only gods and goddesses had the power to make laws
Democracy Common People develop ideas of Citizenship Participation in government Commitment of ordinary people to the State’ The Greeks believed in the importance of the law Respect for the law to be the mark of the “good citizen” Socrates
Romans Republic Jus Natural Roman law included: [] all the main branches of public and private law that exist today [] The scientific classification of law began with the Romans Jus Natural
‘Jus Natural’ Natural Law Unwritten code of universal principles (laws) that are the root of ethical and legal norms by which human conduct is sometimes evaluated and governed. Natural law is often contrasted with positive law, which consists of the written rules and regulations enacted by government.
Rebellion of 1381 The Black Death shifted the balance of labor People were no longer tied to the lands they lived on They were freer to learn new skills and travel. Discontent over corruption, abuses and taxes the people rebel. (Think Robin Hood) Lose faith in the crown.
The Uprising
Renaissance 14th century to the 17th century great advancements in methods of navigation Fleets of ships were sent to the Eastern world to bring back treasures and valuable spices. Routes to Asia were traveled beginning in the early Renaissance. Christopher Columbus, goes west to find safer and faster routes to the riches of Asia. a new continent, full of new riches and unclaimed lands.
Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century Aimed at reforming the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation made its initial impact in 16th (Martin Luther) John Calvin (1509-1564), somewhat later, supplants Lutheranism in many areas. Calvinism has great impact on the development of colonial America, especially in New England, where “Reformed” churches (Puritan, Presbyterian and Huguenot) dominated
England Parliamentary System English Common Law the courts applied the same legal ideas to all English citizens. The Magna Carta monarch's power could be legally limited by the citizenry.no free person could be imprisoned without a jury trial. (Habeas Corpus) The Bill of Rights Monarchy needed approval of Parliament to make or suspend laws, raise taxes, or maintain an army. Voters had a right to elect their representatives and the king and queen must respect voters' choices. (Representative government)
Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes John Locke Man is born evil, needs a strong hand to guide Life is a battle for power, ending in death Man needed some type of fear of authority in order to be able to be persuaded to follow the law. that man gave up ALL his rights to the government, and that in return, the government provided security. John Locke all people had the inalienable "right to life, liberty, and property“ (Natural Rights) people created government and chose to be governed in order to live in an orderly society. (Social Contract)
Enlightenment cont. Rousseau Montesquieu people make a contract with each other, not with a ruler. give up some freedom in favor of the needs of the majority. vote and accept the community decision. Montesquieu Suggests Limited Government Divided Government (3 Branches) Checks and Balances
The production and distribution of goods and services. Economics The production and distribution of goods and services.