Classification of Matter

What is Matter? Everything around you—water, air, plants, and your friends—is made up of matter. All matter is composed of about 110 different kinds of atoms How small do you think an atom is???? Atoms can be physically mixed or chemically joined together to make up all kinds of matter.

Benefits of Classification What have you already classified in science?? What are some examples of places where you use classification in your everyday lives?? In chemistry classification allows us to predict what characteristics a sample will have based on what you know about other like it.

Different Classifications of Matter Pure Substances A Sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties Every pure substance has characteristics that can be used to identify it. Can be physical or Chemical Copper always melts at 1080 degrees Celcius (physical)

Different Classifications of Matter Pure Substances Elements are Pure Substances Contain only one kind of atom. What are some examples??? Each element has its own set of physical and chemical properties and has a unique chemical symbol.

Different Classifications of Matter Pure Substances Elements as single atoms or as Molecules A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together Usually consist of two or more atoms in a definite ratio. If an element consists of molecules those molecules consist of one atom.

Different Classifications of Matter Pure Substances Some atoms such as Nitrogen and Oxygen are found joined in pairs in air These types of elements are known as diatomic elements Some elements have more than one form Oxygen Gas and Ozone Allotrope is one of a number of different molecular forms of an element.

Different Classifications of Matter Pure Substances Compounds are pure Substances Too!! A compound is a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Do you know some examples of compounds?? Compounds can be made from there elements and broken down into their separate elements; however, it does take a great deal of energy…example: Mercury II Oxide Compounds are represented by formulas Molecular, structural, ball-and-stick, and space filling model

Different Classifications of Matter Mixtures A mixture is a sample of matter that contains two or more pure substances. What are some examples of mixtures??? Food, air… Why is water not a mixture?? A mixture does not have the same balance of ingredients Properties can vary because of this

Different Classifications of Matter Mixtures Types of Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Pure substances are distributed evenly throughout the mixture 14K Gold, gasoline, sweetened tea, air are examples Their different components can not be seen—not even with a microscope Heterogeneous Mixtures Contains substances that are not evenly mixed, and can be seen. (Sand and Water) Different Regions have different properties

Types of Matter Elements Heterogeneous Mixtures Mechanical Mixtures (one type of atom) ex. carbon, nitrogen Heterogeneous Mixtures (different throughout) Mechanical Mixtures (can be separated by hand) ex. trail mix Matter (has mass and takes up space) Pure Substances (one type of matter) Mixtures (more than one type of matter) Compounds (>one type of atom) ex. sugar, salt Colloids (do not separate) ex. fog, milk Suspensions (separate) ex. oil and water, paint smallest particle size largest particle size Homogeneous Mixtures (same throughout) Solutions ex. salt water TYNDALL NEGATIVE TYNDALL POSITIVE

Properties of Matter Physical properties Chemical properties Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity of the substance. Ex: density, color, melting point, odor… Chemical properties Characteristics of a substance that cannot be observed without altering the identity of the substance. Ex: flammability, reactivity with air, reactivity with acid…

Changes in Matter Physical Changes Chemical Changes Changes that do not alter the identity of a substance. Ex: tearing, crushing, getting wet, melting, boiling… Chemical Changes Changes that alter the identity of a substance (a new substance is formed) Ex: burning, reacting with acid …

Separation of Mixtures Matter (has mass and takes up space) Pure Substances (cannot be physically separated—must use a chemical reaction) Mixtures (can be physically separated) Heterogeneous Mixtures (different throughout) Homogeneous Mixtures (same throughout) crystallization (separating a solid from a liquid) distillation (separating two liquids using boiling points) chromatography (separating pigments using water affinity) filtration (separating using particle size) smallest particle size largest particle size