Regional Consultation Group on Migration Irregular Migration Trends for Canada Honduras June 9, 2016

Canada Border Services Agency The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) ensures the security and prosperity of Canada by managing the access of people and goods to and from Canada. Operations: 13,000 employees ( 7,200 uniformed officers) 1,200 points of service across Canada and 39 international locations 117 land border crossings 13 international airports Marine operations at major ports and numerous marinas/stations 27 rail sites 3 international mail processing centers To achieve its mandate, the CBSA is responsible for: administering legislation that governs the admissibility of people and goods, plants and animals into and out of Canada; detaining those people who may pose a threat to Canada; removing people who are inadmissible to Canada, including those involved in terrorism, organized crime, war crimes or crimes against humanity; interdicting illegal goods entering or leaving the country; protecting food safety, plant and animal health, and Canada's resource base; promoting Canadian business and economic benefits by administering trade legislation and trade agreements to meet Canada's international obligations; enforcing trade remedies that help protect Canadian industry from the injurious effects of dumped and subsidized imported goods; administering a fair and impartial redress mechanism; promoting Canadian interests in various international forums and with international organizations; and collecting applicable duties and taxes on imported goods. The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) has over 60 Liaison Officers located in over 45 international locations around the world. International Liaison officers are posted at foreign missions around the globe and engage directly with international partners through outreach and advocacy. A total of 19 Liaison Officers (LOs) are based in the United States, Mexico, Central and South America, and The Caribbean. Liaison Officers are deployed internationally to protect the integrity and security of the Canadian border through a range of intelligence, interdiction, investigative and liaison activities to address: Irregular Migration Human Trafficking and Smuggling Immigration Fraud Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) Inadmissibility Screening (security, terrorism, war crimes, transnational crime) Contraband Marine Security (terrorism, piracy, weapons of mass destruction) Liaison with OGDs, local/regional governmental, non-governmental and private sector interlocutors

Human Smuggling - Routing & Modus Operandi Human smuggling is not a homogenous criminal activity; push/pull factors, travel costs, routing of travel, documents used and status upon arrival can vary significantly. What has been observed Air is the preferred mode of travel from Europe; A combination air and land route is used within Latin America; There has been a resurgence of Caribbean routes; Migrants travel alone or in small groups; Increasingly organized vs. self-travel; Preference for visa-exempt passports (imposters or altered); Use of travel packages; Canadian documents often mean the involvement of networks.

Human Smuggling Through the Americas As many foreign nationals do not require a visa to transit Brazil, Brazil is an important entry point into the Americas for irregular migrants attempting to reach the U.S. and Canada. Foreign nationals arriving in Brazil routinely take flights to other South and Central American countries, then continue their journey overland into Mexico and the U.S. Improperly documented migrants have been identified transiting the Bahamas, Panama, El Salvador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Mexico. These irregular movements are generally facilitated by sophisticated human smuggling operations as they involve complex itineraries, combining air and land transport as well as false documents of various kinds.

Irregular Migration Trends - Americas Areas of Concern Human smuggling via South/ Central America – Mexico – United States (U.S.) corridor; Claims made at land border after U.S. visa issuance; Use of fraudulent Canadian and Schengen visas to allow visa exempt entry to Central American countries and continuing to North America. Emerging Venezuela El Salvador Mexico

Irregular Migration Trends - Americas Colombian nationals applying for Canadian Temporary Resident Visas (TRVs) using improperly issued Mexican passports; Fraudulent use of Spanish, Mexican and Chilean passports; The growing number of suspected South American Theft Gang (SATG) members entering Canada on visa exempt Chilean passports; Land border refugee claims.

Irregular Migration - Refugee Claims in Canada

Irregular Migration - Top Ten Source Countries for Refugee Claims in Canada 2013 2014 2015 2016 (January to April 30, 2016) Country Total China 761 1,186 1,497 484 Pakistan 630 776 Hungary 982 Nigeria 414 Colombia 597 579 897 377 Syria 493 577 793 328 468 Iraq 576 701 322 Afghanistan 386 558 Slovak Republic 309 Haiti 329 469 581 305 Democratic Republic of Congo 308 461 Libya 517 245 Somalia 290 390 503 228 Egypt 255 364 496 225 National Total 10,375 13,451 16,077 6,849

Irregular Migration - Top Source Countries for Refugee Claims by Nationals from the Americas* 2013 2014 2015 2016 (January to April 30, 2016) Country Total Colombia 597 581 702 228 Haiti 330 367 294 Venezuela 152 Cuba 199 Jamaica 192 257 146 Honduras 149 187 186 El Salvador 61 139 162 180 53 100 157 132 Mexico 38 84 110 28 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 72 81 102 Dominican Republic 26 Guatemala 69 51 Bahamas 63 22 St. Lucia 49 47 43 20 Regional Total 1,788 1,977 2,069 774 *Please note that this report excludes refugee claimants from the United States.

Irregular Migration - Top Source Countries for Refugee Claims by Minors from the Americas* 2013 2014 2015 2016 (January to April 30, 2016) Country Total Colombia 167 144 208 63 Haiti 60 72 Venezuela 90 50 Honduras 32 65 57 17 El Salvador 21 44 51 Mexico 13 Jamaica 20 37 11 Guatemala 25 31 8 Cuba 12 22 Peru Guyana 19 Dominican Republic 6 10 Bahamas Antigua and Barbuda 7 Trinidad and Tobago 15 Chile 5 Regional Total 399 493 618 199 *Please note that this report excludes refugee claimants from the United States.

Irregular Migration - Improperly Documented Arrivals by Citizenship for 2016 (to April 30th)

Irregular Migration – Improperly Documented Arrivals by Citizenship for 2015

Irregular Migration - Last Embarkation Points for 2015 - Improperly Documented Arrivals

Irregular Migration – Interceptions by Citizenship for 2016 (to April 30th)

Irregular Migration – Interceptions by Citizenship for 2015

Irregular Migration – Interception Points for 2015

Gracias / Thank you / Merci dasdas Julie Duchesneau (MIAMI) Office: +1-305-579-1617 Cell: +1-305-815-0657 julie.duchesneau@international.gc.ca Canada Border Services Agency www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca PROTECCIÓN · SERVICIO · INTEGRIDAD