Histology results comparing surgical and naïve groups.

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Histology results comparing surgical and naïve groups. Histology results comparing surgical and naïve groups. Asterisks indicate P < 0.05 with specific values given in subcaptions. Error bars indicate 1 SD, unless otherwise noted. (A) Thickness of muscularis externa. (B) Skeletal muscle fiber diameter in longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa comparing lengthened surgical and naïve segments. (C) Nuclear density of muscularis externa. (D) Nuclear density in epithelium. (E) Median percentage proliferating muscle cells in muscularis externa of lengthened surgical segment versus naïve tissue. Error bars represent first and third quartiles (P = 0.025). (F) Percentage of collagen in lengthened surgical segment versus naïve tissue (P = 0.002). Dana D. Damian et al. Sci. Robotics 2018;3:eaaq0018 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works