The History of the Electron

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Presentation transcript:

The History of the Electron When we last left the atom, this is how it looked Mass concentrated in the nucleus Electrons move around it Doesn’t explain how the electrons were arranged around the nucleus Why aren’t the negatively charged electrons pulled into the postively charged nucleus?

So, where did we go from here? In the early 1900s, scientists observed certain elements emitted visible light when heated in a flame Analysis of the emitted light revealed Element’s chemical behavior is related to the arrangement of electrons!

What is visible light? Type of electromagnetic radiation Exhibits wave-like behavior

What makes up a Wave? Wavelength Frequency Amplitude

Wavelength (λ) The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave. Crest to Crest or Trough to Trough Expressed in: meters, centimeters, or nanometers Lambda

Wavelength and Frequency

Frequency (ν) waves that pass a point per second Expressed in: Hertz (Hz) Hz = Waves per second 1 Hz = 1/s = 1 s-1

Amplitude How far a wave rises or falls Origin to Crest OR Trough to Origin

Waves and Energy The higher the frequency, the higher the energy The longer the wavelength, the lower the energy

Electromagnetic Spectrum What is an electromagnetic spectrum? All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Spectrum from shortest wavelength to the longest cosmic  gamma  X-rays  ultraviolet (UV)  visible  infrared (IR)  microwave  radar  TV  Radio

Electromagnetic Spectrum Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet Remember the three L’s are on this side (Low energy, Low frequency, long wavelength) ROY G BIV backwards

Let’s Practice 1) What has the longer wavelength: X-rays verses visible 2) What has the longer wavelength: gamma verses cosmic 3) What has the higher energy: infrared verses radio 4) What has the higher energy: microwave verses infrared 5) What has the highest frequency: gamma verses radio 6) What has the highest frequency: TV verses UV

See if you can find the humor in this:

Now, how do waves relate to the atom? That brings us to Quantum Mechanics and a few more scientists

Line Spectra of Excited Atoms Excited atoms emit light of only certain wavelengths The wavelengths of emitted light depend on the element.