Macromolecule Notes Biology Per.2

Proteins Enzyme = most important protein Structural roles: Cartilage, bones, tendons. Contain collagen Amino Acids: the building block of amino acids; Small molecule that has a central carbon with an amino group, carboxyl group, a hydrogen and functional group are attached. 20 kinds of AA 4 general groups of AA

Protein Proteins unfold when temperatures get to high this is called… Protein Denaturation: when a change in the environment causes a protein to lose its shape, making them inactive. Protein Structure Levels: 1~sequence of aa 2~the twisting of the aa chain 3~foldign of the aa chain over itself 4~wrapping of the folded aa chain around itself again

Protein Chaperone Proteins These protein found in normal cells help new proteins fold correctly. At different temps they help old proteins re-fold. Diseases can be caused by proteins folding incorrectly.

Carbohydrates Organic Compounds have Carbon, hydrogen, and Oxygen Key source of energy Found in most foods Made up of simple sugars called monosaccharide's (glucose, fructose) Polysaccharides are complex carbs. (many monosaccharide's bonded together)

Nucleic Acids Composed of many nucleotides Each nucleotide has 3 parts: Sugar, base, and phosphate group. Bases can be : adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine DNA consists of 2 strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other RNA has only a single strand on nucleotides

Lipids Lipids: Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble (can’t dissolve in water) Examples: phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigment in plants Lipids store a lot of energy as fatty acids