10/18 Today’s Objectives: 1) Investigate how kings gained more power during the High Middle Ages; 2) Assess how the Magna Carta shaped Medieval governments as well as the American Bill of Rights Do Now: Today, the church plays a smaller role in our lives than it did in Medieval society. What do you think is responsible for the church’s diminishing role?

THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH Religion dominated everyday life Church was the MOST powerful secular force Pope claimed authority over all other rulers – “papal supremacy” No choice of religion in Western Europe – you HAD to follow the Catholic Church

MONKS AND NUNS Devoted their lives to spiritual goals Attracted to the promise of reaching heaven Three vows developed by St. Benedict: 1) Obedience 2) Poverty 3) Chastity

Functions of a Monastery No schools or hospitals in Medieval Europe Monasteries… 1) care for the sick 2) set up schools for children 3) provide food and shelter for travelers

Gregorian Chant

The Power of the Church How did the Church become so wealthy? 1) people donate 10% of their income to the church – tithe 2) devoted Christians donate their land and wealth to the monasteries 3) Church doesn’t have to pay any taxes 4) People have to pay for baptisms, marriages, and funerals

More Money, More Problems Power grows, discipline weakens Clergy live in luxury, priests marry and lose focus on religious duty Monks and nuns ignore vow of poverty and chastity

CHURCH INTOLERANCE Anti-Semitism: hatred against Jews Migrate from Spain to Western Europe and experience persecution and discrimination; they are blamed for the death of Jesus

Why didn’t kings have much power under feudalism? 1) Peasants gave loyalty to the lord, not the king 2) King couldn’t collect taxes (no trade, self-sufficient manor) 3) Church had the most power Monarchs needed to… 1) acquire wealth 2) limit the power of lords and the Church 3) build a loyal following

William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1100) Defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Descendent of the Vikings Kept records of every castle, field, barn, and house in England to be used as a basis for a tax system Made everyone swear loyalty to him

Henry II (r. 1154-1189) Developed common law: applied to all of England and was based on customs Created a jury system with 12 local men who swore under oath to speak the truth Fair laws needed to be applied equally to all

King John Fought with the King Philip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles Went to war with Philip over land and lost Rejected pope’s nominee for archbishop and is excommunicated; all of England is placed under an interdict Gives in to the pope and England now has to pay a yearly fee to Rome

Magna Carta – “The Great Charter” 1215 In 1215, a group of rebellious barons cornered John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or great charter. In this document, the nobles had certain rights. Over time, the rights that had been granted to nobles were extended to all English citizens the Magna Carta made it clear that made it clear that the monarch must obey the law.

Parliament Council that represents the common people, in addition to lords and clergymen Approved decisions made by the King Two houses House of Lords House of Commons 1) Nobles 1) Knights 2) Clergymen 2) Middle class