Modern India https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZy25C1qo4Y

WHAT IS CULTURAL DIFFUSION?

CULTURAL DIFFUSION IS… The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another (often through trade); When two cultures interact or mix together (Nyla E. 2019)

Islam in India How did Islam Arrive? CULTURAL DIFFUSION! Arrives through trade (Silk Road) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg Muslims conquer Northwest India in 8th Century AD What modern country exists there now? ___________________________

The Mughal Empire Muslim leader Babur invades from the Northwest; conquers Northern India 3rd Mughal Emperor Akbar includes Hindus and Muslims is government Taxed people according to land size Empire collapses in 1707 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WZQoWUDLSg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbuM0aJjVgE (Crash Course)

British Imperialism in India PREDICT: What is imperialism? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bzWSJG93P8

Based upon this map, what was European Imperialism?

Analyze this image. What do you see, what is happening? 1. 2. 3.

Analyze this image. What do you see, what is happening?

Analyze this image. What do you see, what is the symbolism? 1. 2. 3.

Analyze this image. What do you see, what might this demonstrate? 1. 2. 3.

What is the meaning of this image? What do the red areas represent?

A policy of controlling other nations and exploiting their resources Imperialism is: A policy of controlling other nations and exploiting their resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&t=505s – Crash Course 3:54

1. Based on the images how might race play a role in imperialism?

2. What are some of the effects that imperialism might have on the world?

3. Our team is planning to “imperialize” the other three 7th grade teams. What would you/we need to do if we were going to “imperialize” the entire 7th grade? How would you do this? What systems might you put in place? How would you keep the population under control? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&t=505s- Crash Course, 8:20

ORIGINS OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM Queen Elizabeth I sets up the British East India Company (A trading company) Trade tea, spices, silk, ect. British power and influence grows in the region You needed to be “British” to be successful.

HINGE QUESTION HOW DID THE SUEZ CANAL HELP THE BRITISH?

Indian Independence 1885, Indian National Congress is formed (a forum where Indians can discuss problems) Muslim League formed in 1906; wanted Muslim rights, independence After WWI, India looks for independence from Britain

Mohandas Gandhi

Saw Indians were treated as second class citizens by the British Strives for independence through non-violence or passive resistance & civil disobedience Looks for equality between men and women Strives for peace between Muslims and Hindus but tensions remain between the two religions

In order to avoid civil war, India is partitioned (split) by the British government Pakistan & Bangladesh become independent nations and are mainly Muslim Gandhi supported the partition and is assassinated by a Hindu extremist as a result

WHY ARE GLOBAL PEACEMAKERS SO OFTEN KILLED WHY ARE GLOBAL PEACEMAKERS SO OFTEN KILLED? ASIDE FROM GANDHI, GIVE TWO OTHER EXAMPLES.

BEFORE AFTER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yReaR1p-PV0 – India partition

India/Pakistan Conflict After independence, India and Pakistan come into conflict Both nations claim the region of Kashmir (on India/Pakistan northern border) Thousands have died fighting over this region Both nations now have nuclear weapons (yikes!) How can this conflict be solved?

What is India like today. What successes has it had What is India like today? What successes has it had? What problems does it face?

Population 2019 The population of India (as of 2/25/2019) Population Stats for India The population of India (as of 2/25/2019) 1,363,737,388 Last UN Estimate (July 1, 2019) 1,368,737,513 Births Per Day 68,833 Deaths Per Day 27,540 Net Migrations Per Day -1,292 Net Change Per Day 40,001 Population Change Since January 1st 2,240,056

Indian Economics GDP $9.474 trillion (2017 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP): $7,200 (2017 est.) $6,800 (2016 est.) $6,500 (2015 est.)

Politics of India Today Political Institutions & Parties

Republic of India A federal republic with a parliamentary system of government capital: New Delhi

A federal system 26 states and 6 centrally administered Union Territories 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China

Parallel state structure Formal political structure of the states parallels that of the national government national state President Governor Prime Minister Chief Minister Parliament Assembly Supreme Court High Court https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqJkFHXX_ZM

Why does the caste system persist? Today, the caste system continues to be the main form of government in villages throughout India. In large part, its continuity depends on two central Hindu concepts: caste dharma and karma. In Hindu society, caste dharma is considered to be a divine law. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, caste dharma is "the duty one has to perform" and "the law of one's being." Many Hindus believe that this obligation tends to enhance the spiritual development of the individual. Because of it, each person learns from an early age to overcome selfish desires and instead focus on group goals and ideals.

The Reservation System In 1950, the writers of independent India's Constitution adopted a policy of reserving jobs in the government and seats in state-funded educational institutes for the "scheduled castes and tribes," as the people marginalized by the caste system were then known. India sets aside 22.5% of its government jobs for the lowest castes, and an additional 27% for what are called the other "backward" castes, the next step up in the caste system. Sparks flew in spring 2006 when the quotas were extended to university admissions: (“A recent government push to expand college admission and job quotas -- an Indian form of affirmative action for the lower castes - - has run into stiff opposition. Students have taken to the streets of New Delhi several times to protest the plan.”) Out of the 36,000 undergraduate seats at Delhi University, nearly 8,000 are reserved for lower-caste students. Many more will get that opportunity following a government decision sealed earlier this month that will dramatically increase the number of college seats reserved for lower castes, from the current 22.5 percent to 49.5 percent. (Spring 2006) Today an estimated 36 percent of the population falls under the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) category, the group receiving the new reservations.

The Reservation System Sparks flew in spring 2006 when the Indian government pushed to extend the same quotas to university admissions. Students took to the streets of New Delhi to protest the plan. (Currently, out of the 36,000 undergraduate seats at Delhi University, nearly 8,000 are reserved for lower-caste students. Today an estimated 36 percent of the population falls under the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) category, the group receiving the new reservations.) Medical students at a top university protesting the new proposal Sparks flew in spring 2006 when the quotas were extended to university admissions: (“A recent government push to expand college admission and job quotas -- an Indian form of affirmative action for the lower castes - - has run into stiff opposition. Students have taken to the streets of New Delhi several times to protest the plan.”) Out of the 36,000 undergraduate seats at Delhi University, nearly 8,000 are reserved for lower-caste students. Many more will get that opportunity following a government decision sealed earlier this month that will dramatically increase the number of college seats reserved for lower castes, from the current 22.5 percent to 49.5 percent. (Spring 2006) Today an estimated 36 percent of the population falls under the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) category, the group receiving the new reservations.

Is it Fair? India’s constitution guarantees “equal rights.” Article 14 says that the state gives to every person “equality before the law” and “equal protection of the laws.” Article 15 prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, etc. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, etc.

Is it Fair? At the same time, the constitution provides for a “reservation system.” Article 46 says “The state shall promote with special care the education and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.” Respond: Does India’s reservation system contradict (go against) her constitution’s promise of “equal rights”?