Watanabe, K. & Shimojo, S. (1998) Watanabe, K. & Shimojo, S. (1998). Attentional modulation in perception of visual motion events. Perception, 27, 1041-1054. Represented by 葉素玲 2005/12/05

The streaming/bouncing bistable motion phenomenon Biased toward streaming

Temporal recruitment hypothesis Integration across (passive) local motion detectors over time However, adding an occluder increases the streaming percept

Associative learning hypothesis Adding a brief sound (or pause): Bouncing↑ Contingent events (e.g., during collision)

Attentional modulation hypothesis The salient nature of a pause or a sound disrupts attentional process that promotes the streaming percept.

Exp1: exogenous attentional capture by abrupt onset increases bouncing

Attentional modulation hypothesis (O) Associative learning hypothesis? Temporal coupling of collision and sudden onset through experience

Exp 2 & 3: endogenous attention (Concurrent task at fixation) Primary task: to report which side has the gap Exp 2 Exp 3 More bouncing in lower VF Spatial effect only with attention

Exp 4: larger gap size (exogenous distraction of attention)

Conclusion Attention facilitates streaming (perhaps through enhancing temporal integration) and thus distraction of it increases the bouncing percept. Exp 1& 4: exogenous Exp 2 & 3: endogenous Implication: attention helps to perceive spatial temporal continuity (object-file) More bouncing in the lower visual field higher temporal resolution to detect temporal discontinuity of the screen (e.g., pause) Ground: more physical collision (vs. more 3-D overlap interpretation of optical coincidence)

Two additional talks of S. Shimojo 1/21, 9:00~11:00 A.M. Lecture for the Color association of Taiwan: Color and surface - beyond the retina “I will briefly motivate the audience with some philosophical and physiological consideration on color perception, and then overview my own and others' study on fading, filling-in, filling-out, in relation to multiple surface representation.” 1/21, 3:00~5:00 P.M. Lecture for the science museum Perception, body and brain - some new directions in science museum “I will try to describe (a) my personal history and motivation for science education/museum activity, (b) some examples of my own creations and collaborations in the past, hopefully with actual demos and/or movies, (c) what messages we could potentially carry to kids and parents via these installations, and finally (d) how I conceive the dynamic relationship among perception, body and brain in the wider context of cognitive development, science education, and society.”