The Macromolecules of Life!

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Presentation transcript:

The Macromolecules of Life! BIOMOLECULES!!! The Macromolecules of Life!

CARBOHYDRATES Sugars

Building Blocks Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Major Elements (Atoms) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (Ratio 1:2:1)

(Complex Carbohydrates) Structure Monosaccharide (Glucose): Disaccharide (Sucrose): Polysaccharide (Starch): (Complex Carbohydrates)

Cellular Function Energy Supply Molecule Structural support plants store sun’s energy in the form of carbohydrates (photosynthesis) organisms break down carbs for energy in cells (cellular respiration) Structural support Cellulose (plants) Chitin (animals/fungi) Cell Recognition Carbs on the cell membrane recognize good and bad cells

Fats / Steroids / Oils / Waxes / Phospholipids

(long chains of Carbon and Hydrogen) Building Blocks Fatty Acids (long chains of Carbon and Hydrogen)

Major Elements (Atoms) Carbon, Hydrogen & some Oxygen

Structure Saturated Fatty Acid: Unsaturated Fatty Acid: Only single bonds Unsaturated Fatty Acid: Double bonds

Cellular Function Energy Storage Molecule Provides Insulation Lipids can be broken down for energy Provides Insulation Forms protective coatings Waxes (plant surfaces/duck feathers) Forms membranes around cells

Enzymes / Tissues / Organs PROTEINS Enzymes / Tissues / Organs

(linked by peptide bonds) Building Blocks Amino Acids (linked by peptide bonds)

Major Elements (Atoms) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

Amino Acid chains fold together to form large complex proteins Structure Amino Acid chains fold together to form large complex proteins

Cellular Function Structure for tissues and organs Serve as enzymes change the rate of chemical reactions important for reactions at the cellular level Carry out cell metabolism Form muscles, hair, nails, horns, hooves, etc!!!

NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA and RNA

(Phosphate group, Sugar, Nitrogen base) Building Blocks Nucleotides (Phosphate group, Sugar, Nitrogen base)

Major Elements (Atoms) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Structure

Cellular Function Stores all genetic information DNA RNA ATP = contains instructions for making enzymes and proteins RNA decodes the instructions in the DNA ATP = Nucleotide energy molecule of cells