chemistry

Naming Ions 9.1 A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions.

9.1 Monatomic Ions Monatomic Ions How are the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions related to their positions in the periodic table?

9.1 Monatomic Ions Monatomic ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively.

9.1 Monatomic Ions Cations When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number.

9.1 Monatomic Ions The names of the cations of the Group 1A, Group 2A, and Group 3A metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation.

9.1 Monatomic Ions These elements have ionic charges that can be obtained from their group numbers. The representative elements shown form positive ions with charges equal to their group numbers. Applying Concepts Are the ions anions or cations?

Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide. 9.1 Monatomic Ions Anions The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the group number. Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide.

These Group A elements form anions. 9.1 Monatomic Ions These Group A elements form anions. Note the positions of the nonmetals and the metalloid, arsenic. These elements form anions. Common transition elements that form more than one ion are also shown. Applying Concepts Do the transition metals form anions or cations?

9.1 Monatomic Ions

Ions of Transition Metals 9.1 Monatomic Ions Ions of Transition Metals How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined?

9.1 Monatomic Ions The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost.

9.1 Monatomic Ions These colorful solutions contain the transition metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+. The ions of these transition metals produce an array of colors when dissolved in water. From left to right, the ions are Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.

9.1 Monatomic Ions Many transition metal compounds are colored and can be used as pigments. Many transition metals form brightly colored compounds that are used in making artists’ paints.

Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals. 9.1 Monatomic Ions Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals. The Stock system The classical method

9.1 Monatomic Ions In the Stock system, a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge.

9.1 Monatomic Ions In an older less, useful method, the classical name of the element is used to form the root name for the element.

9.1 Monatomic Ions

1.1 Conceptual Problem 9.1

1.1 Conceptual Problem 9.1

1.1 Conceptual Problem 9.1

Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.1 Problem-Solving 9.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

9.1 Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions What are the two endings of the names of most polyatomic ions?

These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions. These molecular models show the arrangement of atoms in four common polyatomic ions. Interpreting Diagrams How does the ammonium ion differ from the other three?

Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom. The names of most polyatomic anions end in -ite or -ate.

Names and Formulas of Some Common Polyatomic Ions 9.1 Polyatomic Ions Names and Formulas of Some Common Polyatomic Ions

Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach. Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO3- ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO3-, HPO42-, and H2PO4- ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO42- and H2PO4- ions.

9.1 Polyatomic Ions HCO3–, HPO42–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood are critical for your health. Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO3- ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO3-, HPO42-, and H2PO4- ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO42- and H2PO4- ions.

Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions. Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO3- ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO3-, HPO42-, and H2PO4- ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO42- and H2PO4- ions.

9.1 Section Quiz. 9.1.

9.1 Section Quiz. 1. When metals from groups 1A, 2A, and 3A form cations, the charge on the ion is equal to 8 minus the group number. the group number minus 8. the period number. the group number.

9.1 Section Quiz 2. Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions? (I) ammonium ion (II) perchlorate ion (III) ferric ion I only II only III only I and III

9.1 Section Quiz 3. If the name of an ion ends in -ite or -ate, the ion is a polyatomic cation. polyatomic anion. transition metal cation. monatomic anion.

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