The Cell

THE CELL THEORY 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of living things. 3. Cells are produced by other living cells.

unicellular Some living things are composed of one cell ….. Euglena Paramecium Amoeba

Some living things are made of many cells….. multicellular

Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Only bacteria!!! Protist Fungi ancient modern small large simple – complex – no nucleus no organelles has nucleus has organelles Only bacteria!!! Protist Fungi Plant Animal Everything else!!! Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell

What are these? algae

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell What are these? Bacteria

What organism is this? Paramecium

Prokaryotic cell or Eukaryotic cell

Instructions for making proteins All cells have: ribosome ? cytoplasm ? makes protein DNA ? Cell membrane ? Contains the genetic information controls what enters and exits and Instructions for making proteins

Some cells have: Cell wall Protect and support

Some cells have: flagella ? Function? locomotion

Some cells have: Cilia ? Function? Locomotion and feeding

The cell membrane forms a boundary that controls what substances enter and exit the cell.

The cell membrane also contains proteins carbohydrates cholesterol

Passive Transport Active Transport How do substances move into and out of cell? Passive Transport - - - no energy needed Active Transport - - - energy needed

Passive - - - high conc low conc fat fat fat That’s diffusion! inside cell fat fat fat LOW HIGH fat fat outside cell fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat

Water - - - high conc low conc H2O H2O H2O That’s osmosis! inside cell H2O H2O H2O LOW HIGH H2O H2O outside cell H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O

Active - - - low conc high conc Requires energy low conc ATP ATP High conc

Active Transport ATP ATP Endocytosis ATP Exocytosis

Conc solute inside = conc solute outside Water moves in and out at the same rate 10 % solute 10 % solute

More water . . . outside More water . . . Water will The cell 10 % solute Water will move into the cell The cell will swell. 25 % solute Less water more water

More water . . . inside More water . . . Water will The cell 25 % solute Water will move out of the cell The cell will shrivel. 5 % solute more water less water

What process does this picture illustrate? Diffusion

What process does this picture illustrate? PASSIVE TRANSPORT DIFFUSION

What process does this picture illustrate? Endocytosis

What process does this picture illustrate? Exocytosis

What is this process called? High Active transport Low conc High conc

Diffusion or Passive Transport What process does this picture illustrate? Diffusion or Passive Transport

What process does this picture illustrate? NUCLEUS OSMOSIS

What process does this picture illustrate? Active Transport

What process does this picture illustrate? Active Transport

Organelles do the work of cells. Each organelle has a specific job.

contains DNA (chromosomes) nucleus nucleolus

makes proteins Ribosomes Rough ER makes proteins makes enzymes

Rough ER Smooth ER makes enzymes makes proteins makes oils, fats, cholesterol makes lipids breaks down toxins like alcohol

Lysosomes contains enzymes Lysol- destroys bacteria breaks down stuff garbage disposal

Mitochondria Mighty mitochondria makes energy …ATP Glucose ATP site of cellular respiration site of …

modifies, packages and delivers Golgi Apparatus Post Office of the cell modifies, packages and delivers proteins and lipids

Structures found only in plants cells: Cell wall Central vacuole Chloroplast

Structures found only in plants cells: Cell wall support & protection

Structures found only in plants cells: Central vacuole stores water

Site of photosynthesis Structures found only in plants cells: Chloroplast absorb sunlight makes glucose Site of photosynthesis Site of . . .

REVIEW ORGANELLES

What is this structure? The cell membrane

NUCLEUS Organelle that contains the genetic info and instructions for making proteins NUCLEUS

A structure that encloses the cell and regulates what substances enter A structure that encloses the cell and regulates what substances enter and exit the cell. cell membrane

Large organelle that makes proteins Rough ER

Organelle that contains chlorophyll. Chloroplast

Organelle that makes lipids. Smooth ER

The semifluid substance inside cells that contain the organelles and dissolved substances . cytoplasm

It is the packaging and distribution center of the cell. Golgi apparatus

A very large sac found in plant cells that stores water. Central vacuole Central vacuole

Organelle that modifies, packages, and delivers protein and lipids. Golgi apparatus

Small sacs that store and transport substances within the cell. Vesicles Vesicles

Small sacs that contain enzymes. Lysosomes Lysosomes

A rigid structure surrounding the cell that provides support and protection Cell wall

Organelle that makes fats and cholesterol. Smooth ER

Organelle that makes energy - - ATP. Mitochondria Mitochondria

Chloroplast Organelle found only in the cells of plants and algae.

A green pigment that absorbs light energy. Chlorophyll Makes leaves GREEN!

Organelle that breaks down toxic substances. Smooth ER

Site of photosynthesis Chloroplast

Provides temporary storage of food or wastes. Vesicles Vesicles

Digests food, old organelles, and bacteria. Lysosomes Lysosomes

Mitochondria Organelle that breaks down glucose for energy.

What structures are found only in plant cells? Central vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast

Liver cells make cholesterol. Liver cells have large amounts of __________ smooth ER. cholesterol

Brain cells and muscle cells require a lot of energy. mitochondria They have a large amounts of ______________

Pancreatic cells make digestive enzymes and export them to the small intestine. Pancreatic cells have a large number of __________. rough ER