LV pseudotransduction delivers proteins and activates DCs.

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DC subset cooperation for activation of antiviral T cells.

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TCR signaling is required for exhausted-like TRM cell formation and maintenance. TCR signaling is required for exhausted-like TRM cell formation and maintenance.

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NE cleaves and activates GSDMD.

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Bb monocolonization enhances Treg population in the cLP.

Presentation transcript:

LV pseudotransduction delivers proteins and activates DCs. LV pseudotransduction delivers proteins and activates DCs. (A) Representative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plots of mouse BMDCs that were treated with LV-GFP(V), LV-GFP(S), LPS, or no vector (NV) and analyzed for expression of GFP, CD86, and I-Ab. GFP geometric MFI was measured immediately after LV spin inoculation, and CD86 and I-Ab expression was measured 24 hours after LV treatment. (B) GFP, CD86, and I-Ab expression of LV-treated BMDCs was measured over 48 hours. (C) Representative FACS plots of mouse BMDCs, human moDCs, and 293T cells that were incubated with tenofovir (TFV; 40 μM), efavirenz (EFV; 80 μM), or no drug (ND) 6 hours before treatment with LV-GFP(V) and then analyzed 24 hours later. (D) Graph depicts the GFP MFI of BMDCs, moDCs, and 293T cells from (C). (E) Mouse BMDCs were incubated with or without cycloheximide (CHX; 50 μg ml−1) 1 hour before treatment with LV-GFP(V), and then, GFP MFI was presented relative to those BMDCs receiving no LV with or without cycloheximide. (F) Western blot analysis of GFP of lysates from LV-GFP(V) and LV expressing OVA pseudotyped with VSV-G [LV-OVA(V)] and purified GFP protein (40 ng). (G) Mouse BMDCs were treated as in (A) and analyzed for the amount of IL-6 and IL-12/23 in the supernatant by ELISA 24 hours after LV treatment. (H and I) Mouse BMDCs (H) and human moDCs (I) were treated as in (C) and analyzed for expression of CD86, I-Ab, or amount of IL-12/23 and/or IL-6 in the supernatant 24 hours after LV treatment. Data are representative of two (A to D and G to I) or three (E and F) independent experiments. Results are shown as mean ± SEM (B, D, E, G, and H). n.s., not significant. P > 0.05; ***P < 0.001 [one-way ANOVA (D and H) and unpaired Student’s t test (E and G)]. Jocelyn T. Kim et al. Sci. Immunol. 2017;2:eaal1329 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works